Coordination of Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Dual-Source Supply and Low-Carbon Concern

Table 1

Decision variables and parameters.

Parameters
	Unit manufacture cost from a new component
	Unit manufacture cost from a recycled component,
	Unit supply cost of new component supplier
	Unit acquisition price of recycled products paid to consumers,
	Cost coefficient of emission reduction effort
	Cost coefficient of investment in collecting used products
	Investment of recycling supplier in collecting used products from consumers
	Initial unit carbon emission of (re-)manufacturer before reducing emissions
	Unit carbon quota set by government,
	Unit carbon emission right trading price in carbon market
	Market demand function
	New component supplier’s profit
	(Re-)manufacturer’s profit
	Recycled component supplier’s profit
	Supply chain total profit
Decision variables
	Unit emission reduction degree decided by (re-)manufacturer
	Unit sales price decided by (re-)manufacturer
	Collection rate of used products decided by recycling supplier,
	Wholesale price decided by new component supplier