Research Article

Improved Laplacian Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm and Its Application to QAP

Table 3

Comparison results among ILxBBO and BBO’s variants on the 50-dimensional functions.

FunctionValuePRBBOTDBBODEBBOWRBBOBHCSEMBBOILxBBO

f1Mean03.52e − 132.14e − 138.47e + 008.07e − 132.23e − 131.20e − 13
Std01.95e − 135.40e − 141.11e − 131.95e − 133.18e − 141.15e − 13
Rank1537642
f2Mean6.91e + 055.83e + 055.94e + 071.81e + 075.56e+052.80e + 075.58e + 05
Std4.50e + 052.19e + 051.44e + 071.10e + 073.00e+054.72e + 061.86e + 05
Rank4375162
f3Mean4.78e + 071.77e + 073.31e + 063.23e+061.88e + 088.10e + 094.67e + 06
Std6.94e + 071.33e + 071.52e + 073.31e+061.72e + 082.29e + 095.14e + 06
Rank5421673
f4Mean1.27e + 041.31e + 025.21e + 041.23e + 046.84e + 028.30e + 041.39e+01
Std2.67e + 036.41e + 015.36e + 031.80e + 035.45e + 028.14e + 039.16e+00
Rank5264371
f5Mean1.14e135.30e − 041.18e − 131.14e131.19e − 121.89e − 131.14e13
Std03.11e − 032.23e − 1404.80e − 135.41e − 140
Rank1741651
f6Mean4.18e+016.54e + 014.34e + 014.49e + 014.81e + 014.39e + 014.38e + 01
Std8.47e+002.47e + 018.48e − 036.68e − 011.71e + 016.53e − 015.19e − 01
Rank1725643
f7Mean2.83e + 012.32e + 013.84e + 012.14e + 008.15e + 011.44e + 021.60e + 01
Std5.86e + 007.94e + 006.23e + 001.53e + 001.53e + 011.12e + 014.44e + 00
Rank4351672
f8Mean2.11e+012.11e + 012.11e + 012.11e + 012.12e + 012.11e + 012.11e + 01
Std2.86e023.28e − 024.52e − 024.33e − 023.82e − 023.52e − 023.71e − 02
Rank1265734
f9Mean3.28e+015.37e + 015.75e + 017.12e + 015.32e + 015.79e + 013.46e + 01
Std4.72e+006.31e + 002.58e + 001.70e + 007.80e + 001.97e + 005.37e + 00
Rank1457362
f10Mean2.66e022.18e − 018.17e − 011.41e − 014.66e − 022.26e + 012.98e − 01
Std2.30e021.16e − 013.68e − 016.79e − 024.05e − 023.96e + 001.78e − 01
Rank1463275
f11Mean1.42e + 006.60e + 018.79e − 136.09e + 001.76e + 025.68e142.73e + 00
Std1.48e + 001.51e + 014.47e − 122.71e + 005.12e + 0101.46e + 00
Rank3625714
f12Mean1.21e + 021.04e + 021.99e + 023.40e + 022.35e + 023.90e + 026.09e+01
Std3.25e + 012.31e + 012.04e + 011.31e + 015.62e + 013.70e + 011.44e+01
Rank3246571
f13Mean1.86e + 022.11e + 022.64e + 023.41e + 023.87e + 024.06e + 021.49e+02
Std3.38e + 012.94e + 012.75e + 011.46e + 015.65e + 012.68e + 013.26e+01
Rank2345671
f14Mean2.84e + 021.42e + 031.44e + 026.77e + 021.01e + 049.80e037.03e + 01
Std1.82e + 024.90e + 022.52e + 012.05e + 021.40e + 031.07e027.04e + 01
Rank4635712
f15Mean8.06e + 037.24e + 031.06e + 041.41e + 041.09e + 047.88e + 036.61e+03
Std1.44e + 035.05e + 025.33e + 023.35e + 022.38e + 035.24e + 027.66e+02
Rank4257631
f16Mean2.76e + 001.51e+002.94e + 003.33e + 003.35e + 001.72e + 002.31e + 00
Std4.65e − 012.71e012.99e − 012.87e − 014.95e − 012.03e − 012.70e − 01
Rank4156723
f17Mean6.59e + 011.35e + 025.98e + 018.69e + 012.91e + 025.08e+015.72e + 01
Std3.94e + 001.64e + 019.42e − 015.09e + 008.64e + 016.82e141.52e + 00
Rank4635712
f18Mean1.60e + 021.80e + 023.52e + 023.82e + 023.00e + 024.42e + 021.03e+02
Std4.10e + 011.84e + 011.60e + 011.52e + 019.95e + 012.58e + 012.13+01
Rank2356471
f19Mean3.32e + 001.34e + 014.96e + 002.54e + 011.77e + 011.57e+003.00e + 00
Std5.83e − 013.56e + 004.90e − 011.30e + 007.62e + 002.35e014.80e − 01
Rank3547612
f20Mean1.90e + 011.89e+012.14e + 012.19e + 012.14e + 012.27e + 011.91e + 01
Std1.01e + 007.19e012.85e − 012.26e − 019.71e − 014.33e − 015.65e − 01
Rank2146573
f21Mean9.27e + 029.43e + 023.99e + 028.93e + 028.85e + 022.00e+028.92e + 02
Std3.35e + 022.58e + 023.83e + 023.27e + 022.87e + 021.56e+013.45e + 02
Rank6725314
f22Mean1.37e + 022.26e + 031.54e + 021.25e + 029.79e + 031.55e+016.18e + 01
Std6.97e + 014.38e + 024.05e + 016.18e + 011.73e + 031.90e+003.91e + 01
Rank4653712
f23Mean7.84e + 037.92e + 031.05e + 041.41e + 041.11e + 049.70e + 037.13e+03
Std1.51e + 035.54e + 026.34e + 024.03e + 022.73e + 036.98e + 021.03e+03
Rank2357641
f24Mean2.45e + 022.47e + 022.64e + 022.20e+023.86e + 023.63e + 022.23e + 02
Std7.64e + 008.78e + 003.64e + 011.84e+012.49e + 016.59e + 006.19e + 00
Rank3451762
f25Mean3.24e + 023.42e + 023.24e + 023.92e + 024.05e + 023.99e + 023.09e+02
Std9.79e + 003.20e + 012.46e + 013.03e + 011.99e + 017.12e + 001.36e+01
Rank2435761
f26Mean2.45e + 022.61e + 023.05e + 022.24e + 024.42e + 022.02e+022.35e + 02
Std7.01e + 017.35e + 011.16e + 025.29e + 011.56e + 015.22e015.46e + 01
Rank4562713
f27Mean9.04e + 028.54e + 021.61e + 037.56e + 021.88e + 031.60e + 036.98e+02
Std9.34e + 018.89e + 019.80e + 013.79e + 021.89e + 026.02e + 029.95e+01
Rank4362751
f28Mean4.00e + 024.00e + 024.00e + 024.58e + 021.05e + 034.00e + 024.00e+02
Std3.50e − 133.97e − 133.56e − 134.12e + 021.41e + 031.31e − 072.70e13
Rank2436751
Count62031710
Ave. Rank2.934.004.294.575.614.362.14
Total. Rank2346751