Research Article

Improved Laplacian Biogeography-Based Optimization Algorithm and Its Application to QAP

Table 4

Comparison results with the other IOAs on the 30-dimensional functions.

FunctionValueYYPODPCABCDFnABCFMPSOGLPSOHFPSOMEGWOILxBBO

f1Mean5.07e − 090001.33e − 133.17e − 133.85e − 070
Std5.38e − 090001.13e − 131.12e − 136.93e − 070
Rank71115681
f2Mean1.39e + 061.65e + 079.53e + 066.49e + 063.77e + 057.82e + 053.22e + 052.00e+05
Std8.36e + 054.62e + 063.56e + 065.73e + 061.51e + 055.59e + 052.52e + 051.04e+05
Rank58763421
f3Mean1.21e + 088.44e + 082.45e + 082.64e + 073.88e + 062.50e + 082.61e + 081.09e+06
Std2.77e + 086.40e + 082.90e + 082.38e + 076.54e + 063.93e + 082.55e + 081.58e+06
Rank48532671
f4Mean2.28e + 031.05e + 058.37e + 041.24e + 047.67e + 027.40e + 027.56e + 025.44e+00
Std1.59e + 031.39e + 041.32e + 045.27e + 036.26e + 024.81e + 027.07e + 023.83e+00
Rank58764231
f5Mean5.52e − 055.35e − 14001.25e − 131.29e − 121.05e − 049.14e − 14
Std1.90e − 045.73e − 14003.41e − 146.86e − 133.27e − 044.56e − 14
Rank73115684
f6Mean4.75e + 012.01e + 011.72e + 012.05e + 011.42e+013.09e + 012.78e + 011.61e + 01
Std3.36e + 016.66e + 003.18e + 001.26e + 012.50e+002.53e + 012.72e + 011.40e + 01
Rank84351762
f7Mean6.29e + 011.14e + 029.57e + 013.65e + 014.70e+006.56e + 013.43e + 011.10e + 01
Std2.52e + 011.80e + 011.23e + 016.83e + 003.29e+003.57e + 011.03e + 016.89e + 00
Rank58741632
f8Mean2.09e + 012.09e + 012.09e + 012.09e+012.09e + 012.09e + 012.10e + 012.09e + 01
Std5.83e − 026.50e − 024.03e − 023.49e025.79e − 025.98e − 025.25e − 025.64e − 02
Rank57214683
f9Mean2.19e + 013.09e + 012.92e + 012.15e + 011.12e+011.93e + 012.02e + 011.87e + 01
Std4.16e + 001.97e + 001.83e + 003.36e + 002.59e+003.53e + 003.54e + 003.76e + 00
Rank68751342
f10Mean3.91e022.02e + 001.58e + 001.02e + 018.28e − 021.05e − 017.92e − 022.22e − 01
Std3.97e024.22e − 012.75e − 014.02e − 024.02e − 025.02e − 027.14e − 021.35e − 01
Rank17683425
f11Mean3.63e − 01005.74e + 013.12e − 014.44e + 014.69e + 016.05e − 01
Std6.50e − 01001.14e + 014.66e − 011.43e + 011.15e + 016.92e − 01
Rank41183675
f12Mean1.73e + 021.38e + 021.42e + 026.54e + 013.73e + 017.77e + 014.71e + 012.73e+01
Std5.06e + 012.78e + 012.12e + 011.90e + 011.23e + 012.24e + 011.28e + 017.36e+00
Rank86742531
f13Mean1.93e + 022.09e + 022.02e + 021.45e + 027.95e + 011.50e + 021.17e + 025.51e+01
Std4.53e + 012.37e + 012.70e + 012.65e + 012.35e + 013.81e + 012.93e + 011.86e+01
Rank68742531
f14Mean5.24e + 009.67e − 014.43e011.90e + 033.54e + 001.40e + 032.27e + 034.38e + 01
Std2.74e + 001.29e + 005.82e014.45e + 023.39e + 003.34e + 026.29e + 024.06e + 01
Rank42173685
f15Mean4.04e + 034.13e + 033.72e + 033.42e + 033.08e + 033.66e + 034.09e + 033.03e+03
Std7.25e + 023.60e + 023.86e + 024.10e + 027.22e + 027.25e + 029.65e + 025.70e+02
Rank68532471
f16Mean1.38e + 001.42e + 001.32e + 001.35e + 001.37e + 001.06e+002.36e + 001.66e + 00
Std3.66e − 022.45e − 011.65e − 014.33e − 019.86e − 014.08e013.04e − 012.17e − 01
Rank56234187
f17Mean3.21e + 013.05e + 013.05e+011.02e + 023.35e + 016.87e + 017.30e + 013.28e + 01
Std7.45e − 013.15e − 022.31e022.83e + 011.15e + 001.06e + 011.80e + 015.61e − 01
Rank32185674
f18Mean1.43e + 022.11e + 021.86e + 028.02e + 016.68e+011.00e + 021.20e + 027.19e + 01
Std2.95e + 012.34e + 011.87e + 011.25e + 011.70e+012.09e + 014.41e + 011.61e + 01
Rank68731452
f19Mean1.62e + 002.03e012.93e − 015.10e + 001.50e + 005.70e + 007.85e + 001.63e + 00
Std4.59e − 018.27e021.06e − 011.18e + 002.75e − 017.15e + 003.58e + 002.81e − 01
Rank41263785
f20Mean1.16e + 011.28e + 011.32e + 011.27e + 019.93e+001.36e + 011.10e + 011.02e + 01
Std9.07e − 015.83e − 018.94e − 014.78e + 019.12e011.94e + 008.70e − 014.98e − 01
Rank46751832
f21Mean3.10e + 022.28e+022.36e + 022.40e + 023.29e + 023.15e + 023.13e + 023.12e + 02
Std9.31e + 013.26e+014.51e + 014.08e + 017.29e + 011.02e + 026.43e + 014.59e + 01
Rank41238765
f22Mean1.22e + 023.12e + 012.60e+011.31e + 021.12e + 021.88e + 032.53e + 031.24e + 02
Std5.47e + 012.70e + 012.49e+013.65e + 011.98e + 015.65e + 026.81e + 027.47e + 00
Rank42163785
f23Mean4.71e + 035.12e + 034.74e + 033.98e + 033.23e+034.35e + 034.07e + 033.28e + 03
Std6.36e + 024.83e + 024.87e + 026.79e + 025.90e+027.11e + 027.52e + 025.44e + 02
Rank68731542
f24Mean2.62e + 022.82e + 022.79e + 022.87e + 022.09e + 022.63e + 022.42e + 022.08e+02
Std1.65e + 016.32e + 005.76e + 007.74e + 005.16e + 001.24e + 016.48e + 003.55e+00
Rank47682531
f25Mean2.89e + 023.01e + 023.03e + 022.98e + 022.45e+022.91e + 022.80e + 022.59e + 02
Std1.23e + 016.25e + 000.00e − 007.12e + 001.93e+011.39e + 011.15e + 011.30e + 01
Rank47861532
f26Mean2.00e + 022.01e + 022.00e + 023.45e + 022.29e + 022.98e + 022.65e + 022.00e+02
Std3.08e − 023.58e − 013.56e + 062.97e + 015.00e + 017.05e + 016.92e + 011.76e02
Rank24385761
f27Mean8.89e+017.04e + 024.92e + 026.04e + 024.19e + 028.13e + 026.89e + 023.76e + 02
Std1.06e+023.50e + 022.90e + 082.37e + 027.61e + 011.05e + 027.3221e + 013.54e + 01
Rank17453862
f28Mean3.18e + 022.96e + 022.93e+023.00e + 023.00e + 024.48e + 023.70e + 023.00e + 02
Std1.63e + 022.35e + 011.32e+048.03e − 112.74e − 133.98e + 023.24e + 021.77e − 13
Rank62154873
Count24737109
Ave. Rank4.795.294.214.822.935.505.462.71
Total. Rank46352871