Hyperchaotic Oscillation in the Deformed Rikitake Two-Disc Dynamo System Induced by Memory Effect

Figure 9

Lyapunov exponent spectra and bifurcation diagram of system (4) with a = 2, b = 3, c = 5, and d = 0.75, while k varies in [0, 5]: (a) Lyapunov exponent spectra: LE₁ is blue, LE₂ is red, and LE₃ is green; (b) bifurcation diagram.

(a)

(b)