Complexity

Research Article

Managing Cost-Based Risks in Construction Supply Chains: A Stakeholder-Based Dynamic Social Network Perspective

Table 3

Cost-related risks and their linked stakeholders.


Risk number	Types of risks	Stakeholder	Index ID	References	Category

	Inability to obtain land and access rights			Hilber and Robert-Nicoud [52]
	Inability to obtain land and access rights			Turner and Henryks [53]
	Compensation costs higher than expected			Hilber and Robert-Nicoud [52]
	Compensation costs higher than expected			Turner and Henryks [53]
	Legal dispute			Funderburg et al. [54]
	Threats to personal or asset security			Alinaitwe et al. [55]
	Threats to personal or asset security			Gross [56]
	Third-party claims			Alinaitwe et al. [55]; Gross [56]
	Third-party claims			Al-Momani [57]
	Costs due to disputes and community			Söderholm [58]
	Ambiguity of project scope			Ghosh and Jintanapakanont [59]
	Ambiguity of project scope			Kaliba et al. [60]
	Ground condition change			Ghosh and Jintanapakanont [59]
	Ground condition change			Lo et al. [61]
	Inadequate project complexity analysis			Arain et al. [62]; Brockmann [63]
	Inadequate project complexity analysis			Nielsen and Randall [64]
	Unforeseen modification to project			Ghosh and Jintanapakanont [59]
	Unforeseen modification to project			Ghosh and Jintanapakanont [59]
	Inaccurate project cost estimate			Nielsen and Randall [64]


	Failure to meet specified standards			Arain et al. [62]; Arditi et al. [65]


	Engineering and design change			Ghosh and Jintanapakanont [59]
	Project delays of all forms			Yang and Wei [66]; Fugar and Agyakwah [45]; Nielsen and Randall [64]
	Project delays of all forms
	Equipment damage			Alarcon et al. [67]


	Change in government funding policy			Curtis [36]; Haynes [68]; Hodge [69]




	Taxation changes			Curtis [36]; Haynes [68]




	Wage inflation			Fugar and Agyakwah [45]; Frimpong et al. [70]


	Local inflation change			Fugar and Agyakwah [45]
				Frimpong et al. [70]
	Foreign exchange rate			Ghosh and Jintanapakanont [59]

	Material price changes			Frimpong et al. [70]

	Energy price change/interest rate			Frimpong et al. [70]
	Catastrophic environmental effects			Chang and Wilmot [71]; Flyvbjerg et al. [3]

	Adverse environmental impacts due to construction work			Lo et al. [61]; Flyvbjerg et al. [3]
	Unfavourable climate conditions			Flyvbjerg et al. [3]; Ghosh and Jintanapakanont [59]


	Embezzlement and bribery			Cirilovic et al. [72]


	Political opposition/interferences			Arrowsmith [35]
	Social instability			Curtis and Sturup [36]
	Social instability			Haynes [68]
	Delay in obtaining approval			Kaliba et al. [60]