Research Article

Bidders Recommender for Public Procurement Auctions Using Machine Learning: Data Analysis, Algorithm, and Case Study with Tenders from Spain

Table 2

Data fields in the company’s information database.

NameDescriptionName column dataset

Name companyName of the companyNot used
CIFCIF (for the Spanish term Certificado de Identificación Fiscal) is the company registration number. This identifier provides formal registration on the company tax system in Spain. In many countries, a company would be issued with a separate VAT number, while in Spain, the CIF also forms the VAT number.CIF
Establishment dateIt is the date on which the company starts its activitiesEstablishment_Date
Legal formIt is the entity type of company defined in the Spanish legal system. Mainly, there are two types: public limited company (PLC) and private company limited by shares (Ltd.)Legal_Form
Last available year infoLast available year with economic information (operating income, EBIT, and EBITDA) of the companyLast_Available_Year_Info
Social capitalMinimum capital required to register the company in the legal systemNot used
Status companyOpened company (active) or closed company (inactive)Status_Company

City, province, and countryCity, province, and country of the companyCity_Company
Province_Company
Latitude and longitudeIt represents the coordinates at geographic coordinate system of the company’s locationLatitude_Company
Longitude_Company

WebWebsite of the companyNot used
President and CEOPresident and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the companyNot used
EmployeesNumber of employeesEmployees

Number group companiesNumber of companies controlled (owned) by the companyNot used
Number investee companiesNumber of companies in which the investor (company) makes a direct investmentNot used
Operating incomeIt measures the amount of profit realised from a business's operations, after deducting operating expenses (cost of goods sold, wages, depreciation, etc.). Value per year.Operating_Income
Operating income = gross income − operating expenses = net profit + interest + taxes
EBITEarnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is a company's net income before interest and income tax expenses have been deducted. It is an indicator of a company's profitability. EBIT can be calculated as revenue minus expenses excluding tax and interest. The most important difference between operating income and EBIT is that EBIT includes any nonoperating income the company generates. Value per year.EBIT
EBIT = net income + interest + tax

EBITDAEarnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) is a measure of a company's overall financial performance. Value per year.EBITDA
EBITDA = net income + interest + taxes + depreciation + amortization = operating income + depreciation + amortization
Activity descriptionTextual description of the main business activities of the companyNot used
CNAECNAE (for the Spanish term Clasificación Nacional de Actividades Económicas) is the national classification of economic activities from Spain for statistical purposes. The last version of the CNAE has been adopted in 2009 (Royal Decree-Law 475/2007). It is equivalent to the European classification NACE2. It has primary and secondary codes.CNAE_Primary
CNAE_Secondary
NACE2NACE2 (for the French term Nomenclature statistique des Activités Économiques dans la Communauté Européenne) is the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community. The current version is revision 2 and was established by Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006. It is the European implementation of the United Nations (UN) classification ISIC (revision 4). There is a correspondence between NACE and ISIC. It has primary and secondary codes.NACE2_Primary
NACE2_Secondary
IAEIAE (for the Spanish term Impuestos de Actividades Económicas) is the classification of economic activities in the Spanish Tax Agency for tax purposes. It has primary and secondary codes.IAE_Primary
IAE_Secondary
US SICThe Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) is a system for classifying industries established in the United States (US) but also used by agencies in other countries. In the US, the SIC has been replaced by NAICS but some US government departments and agencies continued to use SIC codes. It has primary and secondary codes.SIC_Primary
SIC_Secondary
NAICSThe North American Industry Classification System (NAICS2017) is a classification of business establishments by type of economic activity (process of production). It has largely replaced the older SIC. It has primary and secondary codes.NAICS_Primary
NAICS_Secondary