Research Article

Bidders Recommender for Public Procurement Auctions Using Machine Learning: Data Analysis, Algorithm, and Case Study with Tenders from Spain

Table 3

Quantitative description of the tender dataset.

TopicDescriptionValue

General valuesTotal number of tenders in the dataset102,087
Temporal range of tenders2014/01/02–2020/03/31
Total number of tendering organisations5,761
Total number of winning companies21,268
Mean number of offers received per tender4.38
Mean duration of tender’s works376.30 days

Dataset’s variablesInput variables of tender’s notice: Procedure_code, Urgency_code, Type_code, Subtype_code, Result_code, Name_Organisation, Postalzone, Postalzone_CCAA, Postalzone_Province, Postalzone_Municipality, Tender_Price, CPV, CPV_Aggregated, Duration, and Date15 input variables (description in Table 1)
Output variables of tender’s resolution: Award_Price, Winner_Province, CIF_Winner, and Received_Offers4 output variables (description in Table 1)

Tender price (taxes included)Mean tender price€422,293.27
Median tender price€78,650.00
Maximum tender price€3,196,970,000
Aggregated tender price of all tenders€43,110,653,361

Award price (taxes included)Mean award price€329,115.85
Median award price€66,114.40
Maximum award price€786,472,000
Aggregated award price of all tenders€33,598,449,589

Number of tenders by received offers (bidders)Tenders with Received_Offers = 1 (one bidder)33,112 (32.43%)
Tenders with Received_Offers = 2 (two bidders)16,302 (15.97%)
Tenders with Received_Offers = 3 (three bidders)13,583 (13.31%)
Tenders with Received_Offers4 (four or more bidders)39,090 (38.29%)

Number of tenders by CPVTenders with CPV = 45 : Construction work24,699 (24.19%)
Tenders with CPV = 50 : Repair and maintenance services8,692 (8.51%)
Tenders with CPV = 79 : Business services (law, marketing, consulting, recruitment, printing and security)6,900 (6.76%)
Tenders with CPV = 72 : IT services (consulting, software development, internet and support)6,444 (6.31%)
Tenders with CPV = 34 : Transport equipment and auxiliary products to transportation5,506 (5.39%)

Number of tenders by type codeTenders with Type_code = 1: Goods/Supplies31,065 (30.43%)
Tenders with Type_code = 2: Services46,377 (45.43%)
Tenders with Type_code = 3: Works24,480 (23.98%)

Number of tenders by yearNumber of tenders in 20141,002 (0.98%)
Number of tenders in 20155,165 (5.06%)
Number of tenders in 20169,746 (9.55%)
Number of tenders in 201715,081 (14.77%)
Number of tenders in 201825,879 (25.35%)
Number of tenders in 201938,571 (37.78%)
Number of tenders in 2020 (until March inclusive)6,643 (6.51%)

Number of tenders by location (province)Top 1: number of tenders from Madrid38,285 (37.50%)
Top 2: number of tenders from Valencia7,616 (7.46%)
Top 3: number of tenders from Alicante4,097 (4.01%)
Top 4: number of tenders from Baleares3,866 (3.79%)
Top 5: number of tenders from Sevilla3,526 (3.45%)