A Hybrid Approach Integrating Multiple ICEEMDANs, WOA, and RVFL Networks for Economic and Financial Time Series Forecasting

Table 8

The root mean squared error (RMSE) values of single decomposition and multiple decompositions.

Dataset	Horizon	MICEEMDAN-WOA-RVFL	ICEEMDAN-WOA-RVFL1	ICEEMDAN-WOA-RVFL2	ICEEMDAN-WOA-RVFL3	ICEEMDAN-WOA-RVFL4	ICEEMDAN-WOA-RVFL5	Mean
WTI	1	0.2715	0.3316	0.3376	0.3352	0.3191	0.3148	0.3277
	3	0.5953	0.6557	0.6214	0.6200	0.6058	0.6133	0.6232
	6	0.8146	0.9490	0.8239	0.8199	0.8508	0.8597	0.8607
USD/EUR	1	0.0009	0.0017	0.0017	0.0012	0.0015	0.0012	0.0015
	3	0.0022	0.0031	0.0034	0.0023	0.0025	0.0023	0.0027
	6	0.0033	0.0048	0.0033	0.0035	0.0035	0.0036	0.0037
IP	1	0.2114	0.2894	0.3080	0.3656	0.3220	0.2589	0.3088
	3	0.3875	0.4098	0.4507	0.4809	0.4776	0.4027	0.4443
	6	0.5340	0.5502	0.5563	1.0081	0.5697	0.6466	0.6661
SSEC	1	10.8115	11.5515	13.0728	16.7301	12.2465	14.3671	13.5936
	3	22.2983	22.0603	22.8140	33.9937	23.9755	25.8004	25.7288
	6	35.7201	37.0255	41.9033	55.5066	38.6140	48.2131	44.2525