Cyclic Mappings and Further Results in B-Metric-Like Spaces

Weng, Shengquan; Zhu, Quanxin; Du, Baoying; Shi, Kaibo

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3866965

Complexity

On this page

Abstract Introduction Preliminaries Conclusions Data Availability Conflicts of Interest Authors’ Contributions Acknowledgments References Copyright Related Articles

Special Issue

Behaviour Analysis, Complexity and Control of Networked Dynamical Systems

View this Special Issue

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2021 | Article ID 3866965 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3866965

Cyclic Mappings and Further Results in B-Metric-Like Spaces

Shengquan Weng,¹Quanxin Zhu,²Baoying Du,¹and Kaibo Shi³

Academic Editor: Xiao Ling Wang

Received11 Sept 2021

Accepted26 Nov 2021

Published26 Dec 2021

Abstract

Fixed point problem of many mappings has been widely studied in the research work of fixed point theory. The generalized metric space is one of the research objects of fixed point theory. B-metric-like space is one of the generalized metric spaces; in fact, the research work in B-metric-like spaces is attractive. The intention of this paper is to introduce the concept of other cyclic mappings, named as -type cyclic mappings in the setting of B-metric-like space, study the existence and uniqueness of fixed point problem of -type cyclic mapping, and obtain some new results in B-metric-like spaces. Furthermore, the main results in this paper are illustrated by a concrete example. The work of this paper extend and promote the previous results in B-metric-like spaces.

1. Introduction

The fixed point theory is well known, and it is a very important branch of mathematics. In fact, the research of fixed point theory plays an important role in many aspects, especially in nonlinear analysis. In general, nonlinear analysis is a basic theory and method to deal with nonlinear problems from the perspective of mathematics. The nonlinear analysis is based on Banach space, Hilbert space, Sobolev space, paracompact space and unit decomposition, the properties of -Laplacian operator, the regularization theory of elliptic equation, Bochner integrability and vector value distribution, etc. It mainly includes topological degree theory and its application, convex analysis and optimization, monotone operator theory, variation and critical point theory, and branching theory. The category of fixed point theory is extensive. It is well known that, in 1922, Banach [1] published an essay, which became a classic work. Under the frame of metric space, the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point in terms of self-contractive mapping are studied. The Banach contraction principle is a classic result. It is an important tool in metric space theory. There are many extension of metric spaces, such as B-metric space [2], metric-like space [3], extended B-metric space [4], controlled metric-type space [5], double controlled metric-type space [6], double controlled metric-like space [7], probabilistic B-metric space [8], S-metric space [9, 10], and partial B-metric space [11]. In 2013, Alghamdi et al. [12] generalized the notion of three metric spaces, that is, B-metric space, metric-like space, and partial metric space. Based on this research work, they introduced the concept of an other special metric space and named it as B-metric-like space; furthermore, they established the theorems of existence and uniqueness of fixed points in this space. In 2018, Jleli and Samet [13] introduced the concept of F-metric space, which generalized the notion of metric spaces. A natural topology was defined in F-metric spaces, and they studied their topological properties. At the same time, they established a new version of Banach contraction principle in the setting of F-metric spaces. In order to illustrate their research, several examples were presented.

Definition 1 (see [13]). Let be a nonempty set. Suppose that is a given mapping. Assume that there exist such that the following three properties are satisfied:(d1).(d2) for all .(d3)For each and for every , and for each , with , we getD is said to be an F metric on X, and the pair is called an F-metric space.
From Definition 1, assume that F denotes the set of continuous function , and the function which satisfies some conditions is concretely given as follows:(F1) is nondecreasing; in detail, .(F2) if and only if for every sequence .In fact, for the certain basic properties for the metric space, such as its third properties, it was modified with the set of continuous function F, for example, (d3) in Definition 1. Generalization work of metric spaces is important for fixed point theory. On the other hand, the extension of many mappings also is an important work. A generation of Banach contraction mapping, which appeared in F-metric spaces, was proposed and some coincident fixed point results were established as follows.

Theorem 1. Assume that is an F-metric space, and let be a given mapping that satisfies the following conditions:(i)The pair (X, D) is F-complete.(ii)There exists which implies that

Then, F has a unique fixed point . Moreover, for any , the sequence defined by is F-convergent to .

Likely, the concept of -contraction, which appeared in F-metric spaces [14], was considered; in addition, an interesting and important fixed point result was obtained as follows.

Theorem 2. Assume that is an F-metric space, and let the symbol be a -admissible mapping and the following conditions are satisfied:(i)The pair (X, D) is F-complete.(ii)There exist two functions and such that where for .(iii)There exist such that .

Then, the mapping F contains a unique fixed point .

In 1969, Kannan [15] published an article, and some important results were obtained; the concept of Kannan mapping is introduced in this article. In 2003, Kirk et al. published a paper, and the intention of this paper is to introduce an important notion, that is, cyclic contraction mapping [16]. In 2010, Karapinar and Erhan [17] published an article, and they proposed a new concept and named it as Kannan-type cyclic mapping; then, they established some fixed point theorems. In 2018, Weng et al. published some articles, and the concept of LW-type Lipschitz cyclic mapping was proposed in the setting of B-metric-like space, and they got some fixed point results under certain suitable conditions. In 2019, Weng et al. published a paper, and a new cyclic mapping concept was proposed, that is, the general LW-type cyclic mapping, and some interesting results were obtained in some proper conditions. In 2020, Weng et al. also published an article, and in this article, a new kind of cyclic mapping was given and some meaningful results were obtained under some suitable conditions. In 2021, a new cyclic mapping was studied by Weng et al. and they called it as -type cyclic mapping [18]; some fixed point results from 2018 to 2021 can also be found in [18]. On the other hand, Huang et al. [19] in 2021 introduced the concept of F-contraction and established some fixed point theorems for such contractions in B-metric spaces. Thus, it can be seen that the generalization of research work of metric space and the extended research work of many kinds of mappings in different generalized metric spaces are simultaneous. In particular, it is essential to verify the applicability of Banach contraction mapping in every generalized metric spaces.

Through the continuous efforts of mathematical researchers in mathematical research, from the perspective of history, we can see further development of fixed point theory. In fact, it is a fascinating research hot spot to discuss and study the fixed point problem of new mapping in generalized metric space. Many researchers continue to explore the three basic properties of metric space, and they focus on nonnegativity, symmetry, and triangle inequality of metric spaces, take some examples of specific functions in some (two or three) dimensional spaces to show the reasonability of newly defined generalized metric spaces, and extend some classical conclusions to these newly defined generalized metric spaces. It is even very attractive for us to propose more new content according to the structure of some of these generalized metric spaces.

The research work for cyclic mappings is continuous and a series of works. The research content of this paper also belongs to the continuation of this series. In fact, the research work involving cyclic mapping is important, and it is not over yet. There is some research work that can be done. Inspired and encouraged by earlier research work [4, 8, 11, 20, 21], another new cyclic mapping concept is proposed in this paper, that is, -type cyclic mapping (Definition 7 of Section 2). Moreover, the main results of this paper will be presented.

2. Preliminaries

The concept of B-metric-like space has been mentioned in Section 1; now the details of its definition will be presented as follows.

Definition 2 (see [12]). A B-metric-like space on a nonempty set is a function such that for all and a constant , the following three conditions hold true: If . . .The pair is called a B-metric-like space.
In fact, let , suppose that the function is the metric function, it can be defined concretely by , and it is easy to show the fact that conditions (r1) and (r2) also are satisfied. On the other hand, for arbitrary ,so (r3) also holds. Then, it is obvious that is a B-metric-like space with the parameter s = 8. Next, the definition of convergence, completeness, Cauchy sequence, and so on is given in a B-metric-like space.

Definition 3 (see [12]). Let be a B-metric-like space. Suppose that is a sequence of points of . A point is said to be the limit of the sequence if , and we say that the sequence is convergent to and denote it by as .

Definition 4 (see [12]). Let be a B-metric-like space. A sequence is called Cauchy if and only if exists and is finite. A B-metric-like space is said to be complete if and only if every Cauchy sequence in converges to so that .

Definition 5 (see [12]). Let be nonempty sets of metric space; if and , then the mapping is called as a pair semicyclic mapping, where is said to be a lower semicyclic mapping and is said to be a upper semicyclic mapping. If , then is said to be a cyclic mapping.

Definition 6 (see [22]). If is partially ordered in B-metric-like spaces , then is a partially ordered B-metric-like space.
The definition of -type cyclic mapping is given as follows.

Definition 7. Let be a B-metric-like space. Assume that and are nonempty closed two subsets of . If is a pair semicyclic mapping in , there exists , and are certain real nonnegative numbers, and such that for all , the following inequality is satisfied:where . Thus, is called a -type cyclic mapping.
What calls for special attention is that the -type cyclic mapping is a W-type cyclic mapping while , and the expression of -type cyclic mapping is different from the W-type cyclic mapping, and the expression of -type cyclic mapping is further promotion of W-type cyclic mapping; then, it is innovative.

3. Fixed Point Results

The main content of this article is to research the fixed point problem of a new mapping. In this section, some main results for -type cyclic mapping are given under some suitable conditions.

Theorem 3. Assume that is a B-metric-like space and is complete. Suppose that is a -type cyclic mapping, and and are nonempty closed two subsets of , . Let and . Then, there exists a unique z and such that . In other words, the mappings and have a unique common fixed point.

Proof. Let the sequence be defined in the following manner:

Step 1. The first step is to show that is a Cauchy sequence. Through the Definition 7, this shows thatthat is,Because , this is obvious, and it needs to be discussed case by case.
While , it shows by (10) thatthat is,In fact, , and this implies thatWhile , this show thatafter appropriate transformation can be obtained, that is,Because , it follows the above discussion.
While , it shows thatand after appropriate transformation, the following can be obtained:that is,While , this implies thatand after appropriate transformation can be obtained, by , we can getSince ,Because , it shows that . By virtue of (13)–(20), this implies thatRepeat the above work over and over again, so as to getFurthermore, for arbitrary , and , we haveSince , from (24) and letting , we get thatBy (25), it shows that is a Cauchy sequence.

Step 2. Since , is complete, so it is easy to know that there exists a point such thatThen, it shows thatBecause , , and are closed, then

Step 3. Next, the fact that a point is a common fixed point of the mapping and will be proved in this step. Since is a -type cyclic mapping, the following inequality is easy to obtain:Now, it needs to be discussed case by case.
While , it shows thatthat is,Based on the equality and making use of (25) and (31), we can getConditions of Definition 7 are considered, and it shows thatWhile , this shows thatthat is,Since and making use of equality (25) and inequality (35), it implies thatBy virtue of the condition of Definition 7, it shows thatBy (33) and (37), it implies that

Step 4. In this step, the fact that and have a unique common fixed point will be fully proved. Now, suppose that are two different common fixed points for the pair and in . So, making use of Definition 7 and (38), we haveDiscussion is presented next.
While , it shows thatWhile , it shows thatFrom Definition 7 and formulas (25), (43), and (47), these show that Since , are nonnegative real constants, it shows that . In fact, through inequality (48), it is easy to know that , and this is a contradiction. Thus,That is,This completes the proof.
In Section 2, the definition of the partially ordered B-metric-like space is given, and then the result of Theorem 3 is extended to this partially ordered B-metric-like space, and thus the following corollary can be obtained.

Corollary 1. Assume that is a partially ordered B-metric-like space and is complete. Suppose that is a -type cyclic mapping, and and are nonempty closed two subsets of , . Let and . Then, there exists a unique such that . In other words, the mappings and have a unique common fixed point.

Remark 1. From Definition 7 and Theorem 3, when , a -type cyclic mapping can be seen as a -type cyclic mapping. In fact, the condition is replaced by . Thus, a -type cyclic mapping is a special case of -type cyclic mapping. It is obvious that the -type cyclic mapping is more extensive than a W-type cyclic mapping. The research extension work involving cyclic mappings and B-metric-like space is important. This set of results will become the part of the basis for discovering more properties in B-metric-like spaces. In order to show the effectiveness of the -type cyclic mapping, a concrete example is given as follows.

4. Example

In this section, a concrete example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the -type cyclic mapping and show the rationality of the obtained theorems.

4.1. Part One

In this part, a concrete B-metric-like space is presented; at the same time, the mappings and are also defined in this part. Based on these preparations, the validity of the definition of the -type cyclic mapping and the correctness of Theorem 3 are verified.

Consider the set and let the metric function be defined by

It is clear that is a B-metric-like complete space with the constant (see [23]).

Recall -type cyclic mapping concept. Assume that and are nonempty closed two subsets of . If is a pair semicyclic mapping in , there exists , are some real nonnegative numbers, and such that for all , the following inequality is satisfied:and we should need to pay attention to the symbol , where . Thus, is called as the -type cyclic mapping. Then, the mappings and are defined by the following way. Let

Next, we explore the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for B and S under the corresponding conditions of Definition 7 and Theorem 3 in a concrete, complete B-metric-like space. In fact, when the mappings and are concretely defined, it can get four points, that is, should be .

Thus, some concrete calculation will be shown as follows.

Situation 1. If we choose , thenthat is,In fact,whereand thus it should be discussed case by case.
While , it can get the inequalitythat is,While , it can get the inequalitythat is,

Situation 2. If we choose , thenthat is,In fact,whereand thus it should be discussed case by case.
While , it can get the inequalitythat is,While , it can get the inequalitythat is,

Situation 3. If we choose , thenthat is,whereand thus it should be discussed case by case. In fact, arbitrary value of parameters is true in this situation.

Situation 4. If we choose , thenthat is,In fact,whereand thus it should be discussed case by case.
While , it can get the inequalityWhile , it can get the inequalitythat is,

4.2. Part Two

In this part, the validity of the conditions of the theorem is verified. Furthermore, three sets of data are used to verify the existence and the rationality of the theorem conditions.

Let , and take this set of data into the above inequalities of situations 1-4 for verification, and all the inequalities will be true. Because , then . So, . It is easy to know that the condition is satisfied.

Let , and take this set of data into the above inequalities of situations 1-4 for verification, and all the inequalities will be true. Because , then . So, . It is obvious that the condition is satisfied.

Let , and take this set of data into the above inequalities of situations I–4 for verification, and all the inequalities will be true. Because , then . So, . It is easy to verify the fact that the condition is satisfied.

Overall, after concrete data validation above, because and are two nonempty closed subsets in , and have a unique common fixed point. Therefore, it is verified by an example to show that the theorem holds.

5. Conclusions

A special note is needed. In fact, B-metric-like space is one of the generalized metric spaces, and certain related research work in different generalized metric spaces for promotion is very important. Some research work about cyclic mappings under the B-metric-like space frame is presented in this paper. The -type cyclic mapping proposed in this paper is discussed and researched, and the corresponding fixed point theorems are obtained. The correctness of the theoretical results is verified by a concrete real example. The correctness of the main results in this paper has been verified and is correct. Actually, -type cyclic mappings are not difficult to find to become a W-type cyclic mapping while . Thus, the -type cyclic mapping is more extensive than a W-type cyclic mapping. Before this, phi-type cyclic mapping, W-type cyclic mapping [21], and some other cyclic mappings have been proposed and studied by us under the frame of B-metric-like spaces; when these cyclic mappings were further studied and extended, some fixed point theorems were obtained. In fact, these research works in B-metric spaces are beneficial to the further enrichment of B-metric-like space theory Of course, the current research work is not deep; in fact, some of the conditions presented in these research papers may be able to be further adjusted and optimized; as for the follow-up research, we will do our best. Also, it is interesting to apply our results to network systems [24, 25] and stochastic differential equation [26].

Data Availability

No data were used to support this study.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Authors’ Contributions

All authors contributed equally to this study.

Acknowledgments

This study was jointly supported by the High-level Talent Sailing Project of Yibin University (2021QH07).

References

S. Banach, “Sur les opérations dans les ensembles abstraits et leur application aux équations intégrales,” Fundamenta Mathematicae, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 133–181, 1922.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Czerwik, “Contraction mappings in B-metric spaces,” Acta Mathematica et Informatica Universitatis Ostraviensis, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 5–11, 1993.
View at: Google Scholar
A. Amini Harandi, “Metric-like spaces, partial metric spaces and fixed points,” Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Appllication, vol. 2012, Article ID 204, 2012.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Kamran, M. Samreen, and Q. UlAin, “A generalization of B-metric space and some fixed point theorems,” Mathematics, vol. 5, Article ID 19, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
N. Mlaiki, H. Aydi, N. Souayah, and T. Abdeljawad, “Controlled metric type spaces and the related contraction principle,” Mathematics, vol. 6, no. 10, Article ID 194, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Abdeljawad, N. Mlaiki, H. Aydi, and N. Souayah, “Double controlled metric type spaces and some fixed point results,” Mathematics, vol. 6, Article ID 320, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/math6120320.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
N. Mlaiki, “Double controlled metric-like spaces,” Journal of Inequalities and Applications, vol. 2020, Article ID 189, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13660-020-02456-z.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Mbarki and R. Oubrahim, “Probabilistic B-metric spaces and nonlinear contractions,” Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Application, vol. 29, p. 15, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Sedghi, N. Shobeand, and T. Doenovic, “Fixed point results in S-metric spaces,” Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 55–67, 2015.
View at: Google Scholar
A. Singh and N. Hooda, “Coupled fixed point theorems in S-metric spaces,” Inter. J. Math. Stat. Invent, vol. 2, pp. 33–39, 2014.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Shukla, “Partial B-metric spaces and fixed point theorems,” Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 703–711, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. A. Alghamdi, N. Hussain, and P. Salimi, “Fixed point and coupled fixed point theorems on B-metric-like spaces,” Journal of Inequalities and Applications, vol. 2013, no. 1, Article ID 402, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Jleli and B. Samet, “On a new generalization of Metric Spaces,” Journal of fixed point theory and Application, vol. 20, p. 20, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Hussain and T. kanwal, “Existence and uniqueness for a neutral differential problem with unbounded delay via fixed point results,” Transactions of A. Razmadze Mathematical Institute, vol. 172, no. 3, pp. 481–490, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Kannan, “Some results on fixed points-II,” The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 405–408, 1969.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
W. A. Kirk, P. S. Srinivasan, and P. Veeramani, “Fixed points for mappings satisfying cyclical contractive conditions,” Fixed Point Theory, vol. 4, pp. 79–89, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
E. Karapinar and I. M. Erhan, “Best proximity on different type contractions,” Appl.Math.Inf.Sci, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 558–569, 2010.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Q. Weng and Q. X. Zhu, “Some fixed point theorems on generalized cyclic mappings in B-metric-like spaces,” Complexity, vol. 2021, Article ID 9042402, 7 pages, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Huang, Z. D. Mitrović, K. Zoto, S. Radenović, and R. Stojan, “On convex F-contraction in B-metric spaces,” Axioms, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 71, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms10020071.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Dosenovic, M. De La Sen, L. Paunovic, R. Dusan, and S. Radenovic, “Some new observations on generalized contractive mappings and related results in B-metric-like spaces,” Journal of Mathematics, vol. 2021, Article ID 6634822, 9 pages, 2021.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Q. Weng and L. Liang, “A fxied-point theorem of cyclic mappings in complete B-metric-like spaces,” Journal of Yibin University, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 77–80, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. HAydi, S. Felhi, and Sahmim, “On common fixed points for -contractions and generalized cyclic contractions in B-metric-like spaces and consequences,” The Journal of Nonlinear Science and Applications, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 2492–2510, 2016.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Nashine and Z. Kadelburg, “Existence of solutions of cantilever beam problem via (α-β-FG)-contractions in B-metric-like spaces,” Filomat, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 3057–3074, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Su, Y. Sun, and Z. Zeng, “Semiglobal observer-based non-negative edge consensus of networked systems with actuator saturation,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 2827–2836, 2020.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
F. Kong and Q. Zhu, “New fixed‐time synchronization control of discontinuous inertial neural networks via indefinite Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method,” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 471–495, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
X. Zhang, S. P. He, V. Stojanovic, X. Luan, and F. Liu, “Finite-time asynchronous dissipative filtering of conic-type nonlinear Markov jump systems,” Science China Information Sciences, vol. 64, no. 5, Article ID 152206, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2021 Shengquan Weng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation

Download other formats

Order printed copies

Views

316

Downloads

755

Citations