Anonymous Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme Combining the Group Key for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Table 4

Computation cost of signature and verification of single message for various schemes.

Schemes	Message signature (ms)	Signature verification (ms)
LIAP	5Tbm + 1Tba + 1TH ≈ 9.494	3 Tbp + 1 Tbm + 1TH ≈ 25.099
NECPPA	4Tbm + 1Tba + 1TH ≈ 8.049	3 Tbp + 1 Tbm + TH ≈ 25.099
Wu et al.	1Tem ≈ 0.821	4Tem + 2Tea ≈ 3.296
Our scheme	3Tem + 2Tea ≈ 2.475	4Tem + 2Tea ≈ 3.296