Research Article
An Efficient Traffic Incident Detection and Classification Framework by Leveraging the Efficacy of Model Stacking
Table 2
Summary of congestion detection systems.
| Ref # | ML technique | Independent variables | MFC |
| [29] | Unsupervised | Speed | ✗ | [30] | Unsupervised | Density | ✗ | [31] | Unsupervised | Road area, car ownership, and vehicle miles traveled | ✗ | [32] | Unsupervised | Average speed, density, traffic flow | ✗ | [33] | Supervised | Spatial-temporal activity, image pixel for the speed | ✗ | [34] | Supervised | Loop data | ✗ | [35] | Unsupervised | ST properties | ✗ | [36] | Supervised | Volume, speed, occupancy | ✗ |
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