[Retracted] Meta-Analysis on Cognitive Benefit of Exercise after Stroke

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Number	Age (mean)	Time from stroke to int.	Trial length	Session duration	Frequency	Exercise mode	Control type	Cognitive outcomes
Nilsson [19]	Ex: 36; Con: 37	Ex: 54.0; Con: 56.0	＜1 M	9.5 W	30 min	5t/W	Aerobic	Track walking with physiotherapist	③
Ozdemir [20]	Ex: 30; Con: 30	Ex: 59.1; Con: 61.8	1.28 M	9.0 W	120 min	5t/W	Physiotherapy	Conventional PA at home	①
Fang [21]	Ex: 78; Con: 78	Ex: 65.6; Con: 61.8	≤0.23 M	4.0 W	45 min	5t/W	Physiotherapy	Conventional PA at home	①
Studenski [22]	Ex: 44; Con: 49	Ex: 68.5; Con: 70.4	2.53 M	1 2 W	30 min	3t/W	Physiotherapy	Conventional PA at home	③
Chen [23]	Ex: 25; Con: 20	Ex: 66.2; Con: 67.3	＜6 M	1 2 W	45–60 min	2t/W	Physiotherapy	Conventional PA at home	①
Mead [24]	Ex: 32; Con: 34	Ex: 72.0; Con: 71.7	5.67 M	1 2 W	75 min	3t/W	Combined	Progressive muscle relaxation	③
Quaney [25]	Ex: 19; Con; 19	Ex: 64.1; Con: 59.0	58.8 M	8.0 W	45 min	3t/W	Aerobic	Home-based stretching exercises	②⑤⑦
Tamawy [26]	Ex: 15; Con: 15	Ex: 48.4; Con: 49.7	3–18 M	8.0 W	75 min	3t/W	Combined	Home-based stretching exercises	⑧
Immink [27]	Ex: 11; Con: 11	Ex: 56.1; Con: 63.2	52.5 M	1 0 W	40–90 min	1t/W	Yoga	Conventional PA at home	⑨
Moore [28]	Ex: 20; Con: 20	Ex: 68.0; Con: 70.0	18.5 M	1 9 W	45–60 min	3t/W	Combined	Stretching training	⑧
Liu [29]	Ex: 11; Con: 14	Ex: 62.9; Con: 66.9	32.4 M	2 4 W	60 min	2t/W	Combined	Conventional PA at home	⑦⑤⑥
Schachten [30]	Ex: 7.0; Con: 7.0	Ex: 55.1; Con: 53.1	44.0 M	1 0 W	60 min	2t/W	Golf training	Standard care	⑩
Gonzalo [31]	Ex: 16; Con: 16	Ex: 61.2; Con: 65.7	46.92 M	1 2 W	＜4 min	2t/W	Resistance training	Conventional PA at home	⑥⑦⑤
Tang [32]	Ex: 22; Con: 25	Ex: 65.9; Con: 66.9	>12 M	2 4 W	60 min	3t/W	High-intensity exercise	Stretching, balance, strength training	⑥⑦⑤
Kim [33]	Ex: 14; Con: 15	Ex: 50.7; Con: 51.9	12.24 M	6.0 W	90 min	5t/W	Combined	Stretching, balance, strength training	④
Meester [34]	Ex: 26; Con: 24	Ex: 60.9; Con: 62.3	43.64 M	1 0 W	30 min	2t/W	Aerobic	Conventional PA at home	⑪
Wang a [35]	Ex: 42; Con: 47	Ex: 65.1; Con: 64.4	＜6 M	1 2 W	50 min	3t/W	Aerobic	Conventional PA at home	⑤⑦⑥
Wang B [36]	Ex: 44; Con: 47	Ex: 66.7; Con: 64.4	＜6 M	1 2 W	110 min	3t/W	Combined	Conventional PA at home	⑤⑦⑥
Nagy [37]	Ex: 19; Con: 16	Ex: 59.0; Con: 62.0	11.4 M	2 0 D	60 min	5t/W	Combined	Conventional PA at home	③⑥
Hansen [38]	Ex; 108; Con: 101	Ex: 71.4; Con: 72.0	3 M	1 8 M	75–90 min	2-3 t/W	Aerobic	Conventional PA at home	①
Khattab [39]	Ex: 25; Con: 25	Ex: 65.9; Con: 66.9	36 M	6.0 M	60 min	3t/W	Aerobic	Balance training	⑤⑦⑥
Yeh [40]	Ex: 15; Con: 15	Ex: 50.6; Con: 60.2	71.15 M	12–18 W	60 min	2-3 t/W	Combined	Aerobic	④②
Koch [41]	Ex: 86; Con: 45	Ex: 59.0; Con: 58.0	5 M	1 2 W	80-100 min	3t/W	Combined	Conventional PA at home	④
Swank [42]	Ex: 37; Con: 36	Ex: 61.2; Con: 61.3	1 M	4.0 W	240 min	5/W	Physiotherapy	Conventional PA at home	③

① MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination； ② WCST： Wechsler Memory Scale； ③ FIM: Functional Independence Measure; ④ MOCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment； ⑤ TMT B： Trial Making Part B； ⑥ DS： Digit Span; ⑦ Stroop Test； ⑧ ACE-R： Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised； ⑨ SIS： Stroke Impact Scale； ⑩ Go/No-go； ⑪ Dual Task； W: week; M: month; D: day.