Research Article
Multiscale Systemic Risk and Its Spillover Effects in the Cryptocurrency Market
| | BTC | USDT | XLM | ETH | BNB | XEM | LTC | XRP | EOS | DASH | XMR | BCH | DOGE | VET | LINK | THETA | FROM |
| BTC | 45.2 | 4.1 | 13.9 | 8.1 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 3 | 54.8 | USDT | 2.5 | 59.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1 | 5.6 | 0.3 | 7.3 | 40.3 | XLM | 18 | 4.1 | 35.4 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 3.5 | 2 | 2.7 | 1 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 64.6 | ETH | 21 | 4.3 | 17.3 | 20.3 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 2 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 3.1 | 79.7 | BNB | 13.9 | 3.8 | 13.5 | 10 | 35.9 | 9.8 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 64.1 | XEM | 14.4 | 2.7 | 20.5 | 8.4 | 5.5 | 32.2 | 2 | 2 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 67.8 | LTC | 19 | 4.8 | 24.1 | 9.5 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 11.8 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1 | 2.6 | 2 | 1 | 2.1 | 1 | 1.9 | 88.2 | XRP | 15.5 | 3.2 | 24 | 9 | 6.5 | 8.9 | 4.4 | 14.4 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 85.6 | EOS | 17.9 | 3.8 | 22.1 | 10.4 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 9.1 | 0.9 | 3.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 90.9 | DASH | 18.5 | 3.5 | 20.9 | 12.4 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 2 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 10.3 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 89.7 | XMR | 18.1 | 4.6 | 21.1 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 2.7 | 2 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 13.1 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 86.9 | BCH | 20.6 | 3.1 | 20.3 | 12.8 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 8.1 | 1 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 91.9 | DOGE | 18.8 | 3.8 | 16.2 | 14 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 3 | 15.6 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 84.4 | VET | 17 | 3.3 | 19.5 | 10.9 | 9.2 | 9 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 2 | 12.5 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 87.5 | LINK | 14.5 | 7.3 | 17.2 | 13.2 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 15.9 | 3.7 | 84.1 | THETA | 19.5 | 0.1 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 65.5 | 34.5 | TO | 249.2 | 56.6 | 261.1 | 141.4 | 97.6 | 106.1 | 41.7 | 25.4 | 26.9 | 16.8 | 44.2 | 27.1 | 19.3 | 25.5 | 13.4 | 42.9 | 1195.2 | NET | 239.6 | 76 | 231.9 | 82 | 69.4 | 70.5 | −34.7 | −45.8 | −54.9 | −62.6 | −29.6 | −56.7 | −49.5 | −49.5 | −54.8 | 73.8 | — |
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