|
| Construct | Management theme | Observed variables | Course of action |
|
| Organisational complexity | Project team | (i) OC_Different_Nationalities-different nationalities | (i) Develop and facilitate a multicultural environment that encourages team members to learn various member cultures and languages [69] |
| (ii) OC_Team_Cooperation-team cooperation and communication | (ii) Create an adaptable project communications plan that considers various team cooperation and communication methods and channels [70] |
| (iii) OC_Workhours-work hours | |
| Stakeholder management | (i) OC_Experience-experience with involved parties | (i) Understand and create awareness of stakeholders’ project goal expectations amongst all stakeholders [71] |
| (ii) OC_Stakeholder_Interrelations-stakeholder interrelations | (ii) Define and agree on communication approaches best suited for stakeholders involved [72] |
| | (iii) Allocate team members who are responsible for continuous engagement with stakeholders [73] |
| Strategic drive | (i) OC_Project_Drive-project drive | (i) Communicate how the project aligns to strategic goals amongst the project team [74] |
| | (ii) Evaluate and select appropriate techniques for measuring the project drive to ensure organisational value alignment [74] |
|
| Technical complexity | Project goals | (i) TC_Clarity_Goals-clarity of goals | (i) Translate stakeholders’ project goal expectations to language the project team can understand [75] |
| (ii) TC_Goal_Alignment-goal alignment | (ii) Communicate the purpose of the project amongst stakeholders and team members to enforce common understanding [75] |
| (iii) TC_Number_Goals-number of goals | (iii) Continuously reflect and update project goals to maintain strategic alignment [76] |
| Requirements management | (i) TC_Number_Tasks-number of tasks | (i) Identify stakeholders who are knowledgeable about the areas the project will be deployed in [77] |
| (ii) TC_Quality_Requirements-quality of requirements | (ii) Categorise, delegate, and monitor stakeholder engagement [77] |
| (iii) TC_Scale_Scope-scale of scope | (iii) Continuously reflect and update requirements to manage project scope [78] |
| Technology management | (i) TC_Experience_Technology-experience with technology | (i) Identify the team members and stakeholders knowledgeable of the technology being implemented in the project [79] |
| | (ii) Regularly upskill and train team members and stakeholders on new technologies outside and inside the project environment [80] |
| Norms and standards | (i) TC_Conflicting_Norms-conflicting norms and standards | (i) Develop unambiguous project management standards and policies that can be adapted to multiple projects [13] |
| | (ii) Communicate the project management standards and policies applicable to the project at hand [81] |
| | (iii) Reflect and update project management standards and policies regularly [81] |
| Uncertainty | Skills management | (i) U_Competency-competency | (i) Understand the current state of technology used in the project [82] |
| (ii) U_Technological_Maturity-technological maturity | (ii) Regularly upskill and train team members and stakeholders on business operations and project management principles [83] |
| Triple constraint | (i) U_Time-uncertainties in time | (i) Evaluate and select methods for improving project schedule, budget, and scope monitoring [84] |
| (ii) U_Cost-uncertainties in cost | (ii) Identify and engage with team members and stakeholders who can assist with monitoring and managing the project schedule, budget, and scope [85] |
| (iii) U_Scope-uncertainties in scope | |
| Activity management | (i) U_Goals-uncertainty of goals and objectives | (i) Regularly engage with team members and stakeholders to understand their project goals and objectives concerns [80] |
| (ii) U_Undisclosed_Participants-undisclosed participants | (ii) Monitor the execution of project management standards and policies and direct the project team accordingly [81] |
| (iii) U_Incomplete_Information-incomplete information | (iii) Monitor and reflect on the stakeholders required during the various phases of the project [72] |
| (iv) U_Tasks-task uncertainty | |
| (v) U_Methods-uncertainty in methods | |
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