Application of Big Data Complexity Analysis Hedging Operation of Derivative Financial Products

Table 1

Research variables.

Measurement level	Variable name	Formula
Expected financial crisis costs	Debt ratio	Debt ratio (TLR) = total debt / company market value
	Long-term debt ratio	Long-term debt ratio (LLR) = long-term debt / total assets
	Cash flow ratio	Cash flow ratio (CFR) = cash flow from operating activities / current liabilities
Tax benefits and hedging	Interest coverage ratio	Interest protection multiple (TIE) = net profit before interest / interest expense
Enterprise size and hedging	Earnings per share	Earnings per share (EPS) = net after-tax common shares outstanding
	Fixed asset ratio	Fixed asset ratio (FAR) = fixed assets / total assets
Equity issues	Shareholding ratio of directors and supervisors	Shareholding ratio of directors and supervisors (DHR) = total shareholdings of directors and supervisors
	Executive shareholding ratio	Executive shareholding ratio (CHR) = bottom total shares held by senior management
Growth investment opportunities	Operating gross margin	Operating gross margin (GPMS) = (net operating income − operating costs) / net operating income
	R&D expense ratio	Research and development cost ratio (RD) = R&D expenses / number of common shares outstanding
	Operating income	Operating income (OR)
Information asymmetry	Current ratio	Current ratio (CR) = current assets / current liabilities
	Quick ratio	Quick ratio (QR) = (current assets − inventory − prepayment) / current liabilities