Review Article
Industry 4.0-Driven Development of Optimization Algorithms: A Systematic Overview
Figure 2
The structure of the ISA-95 standard for constructing vertical integration. It defines 5 levels for the internal hierarchy of manufacturing enterprises. Its purpose is to bridge the highest and lowest stage. A description can be found on the left-hand side of the figure, while optimization and decision-making exercises are also introduced on the right-hand side.