The Study of the Spatial Heterogeneity and Structural Evolution of the Producer Services Trade Network
Table 2
Variable description and data sources.
Driving factors
Variable description
Data sources
Economic scale difference
The absolute difference of GDP growth rate between and countries.
The WDI database
Trade agreement relation
If countries and have a common trade agreement, it is 1, otherwise it is 0.
The CEPII database
Geographical distance difference
The actual distance between the capitals of and countries.
The CEPII database
Institutional difference
The calculation formula is: , represents six dimensions to measure the national institution, namely, control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability and absence of violence, regulatory quality, rule of law, voice and accountability, represents the score on the dimension [42].
The WGI database
Language relationship
If countries and have common official language, it is 1, otherwise it is 0.
The CEPII database
Technical difference
The absolute difference in the number of patent applications between and countries.
The WDI database
Population size difference
The absolute difference in population scale between and countries.
