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| Competency factors | Description | Competency dimensions | Description |
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| Knowledge | The prior trial and error experience related to successful crowdsourcing business launches, development, and resolution of emerging problems [15, 78], that can help SPs to be innovative, trigger new ideas, and seize opportunities [13, 79] | Entrepreneurial experience | The experience that increases with every firm launched and helps to acquire detailed knowledge of administrative procedures for registration, corporate tax declarations, and social security [15] |
| Profession experience | The knowledge and experience in the same industry domains where firms launch [15], that help to perform tasks, manage, and run a business [79] |
| Customers’ industry background | The knowledge and experience related to customers’ industry domains which can help better understand customer requirements, and output satisfying service products [13] |
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| Skill | The domain-specific occupational expertise required to perform knowledge-intensive tasks [13, 80] | Task analysis | The expertise to deal effectively with customers’ requirements and problems of service demands [81, 82] |
| Demand understanding | The ability seeking to understand customers’ expressed needs and requirements [83–85] |
| Reasonable suggestion | The ability seeking to develop superior suggestions and solutions to meet customers’ demands [83–85] |
| Modification and after-sales service | The service supports such as free modification of designed service products and problem-solving provided by service providers once the transaction takes place [86] |
| Customer relationship management | The ability to build and maintain friendly, warm relationships with customers by managing their buying behaviors and feedback for continual sales and sustainable collaboration relationship [13, 83, 87] |
| Branding | The ability to promote their own service brand image [86, 88, 89] and generate word-of-mouth among customers [16] |
| Team management | The ability to have a detailed and accurate understanding of how the organization operates functionally via team member selection, team commitment building, and promotion [54, 78, 83] to improve teamwork and cooperation [13] |
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| Skill | The domain-specific occupational expertise required to perform knowledge-intensive tasks [13, 80] | Team composition | The members of the team are with functional heterogeneity and have different backgrounds and knowledge [83], which can complement the way for firms to obtain information benefits [78, 90] |
| Team environment | The ability to create a harmonious and positive team atmosphere [83] |
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| Ability | Task performance or the effective outcomes achieved by crowdsourcing business process [7] | Communication ability | The ability to keep customers and cooperators informed with useful information [13] |
| Customer acceptance | The ability to influence customers and gain their approvals and trust [13] |
| Innovation ability | The ability to be innovative in thinking and create novel ideas and solutions to problems [54] |
| Online and offline coordination | The ability to coordinately operate online and offline business [91] |
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| Trait | The physical characteristics and consistent responses to situations or information [13] | Professional dedication | The willingness to put the team’s needs before personal needs, and align own behavior with the needs, priorities, and goals of the business to meet business goals [13] |
| Trustworthiness | The confident expectations of customers on SPs’ performing a particular transaction, reflected by customer reviews, store images, and transaction performance [86, 92] |
| Competitive spirit | The willingness to confront challenges and make efforts to stand out from the mass peers [13] |
| Achievement orientation | The concerns for working well or for achieving business goals and ambition [13] |
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