Observer-Based Sliding Mode Load Frequency Control of Power Systems under Deception Attack

Table 1

Definition of notations.

	Frequency deviation
	Deviation of tie-line power exchange between areas
	Mechanical output deviation
	Load deviation
	Damping coefficient
	Inertia of the generator
	The deviation value
	Droop coefficient
	Time constant of the governor
	Control input
	Time constant of the turbine
	Synchronization coefficient between areas