A Novel Pigeon-Inspired Optimized RBF Model for Parallel Battery Branch Forecasting

Table 1

Comparison of performance of parallel battery module.

Points of comparison	The battery farthest from the load (B5) (%)	Battery in the middle (B3) (%)	Battery closest to the load (B1) (%)
Training
The error ratio of branch current at the beginning	26.15	11.8	10.1
The error ratio of branch current at the end of discharging	1.22	1.89	4.89
The maximum error ratio of branch current at the discharging	41.45	11.8	30.5
The average error ratio of branch current at the discharging	1.69	1.56	5.7
Standard error	3.07	1.16	7.1
Forecasting
The error ratio of branch current at the beginning	1.20	1.90	4.91
The error ratio of branch current at the end of discharging	12.6	35.1	1.2
The maximum error ratio of branch current at the discharging	22.6	35.1	5.9
The average error ratio of branch current at the discharging	12.24	14.0	2.2
Standard error	6.54	9.9	1.7