Investigating the Effect of VR + Haptics Approach on Students’ Flow Experience and Outcomes: An Empirical Study on VR Laparoscopy

Table 2

Descriptive statistics of the control group and experimental group scores on flow experience.

	Group	n	Mean	SD	t
Heutagogy	Experimental group	20	4.49	0.47	7.64
	Control group	17	2.95	0.74
Goal clarity	Experimental group	20	4.15	0.67	2.6
	Control group	17	3.47	0.87
Interaction	Experimental group	20	3.27	0.58	3.11
	Control group	17	2.66	0.62
Concentration	Experimental group	20	3.83	0.47	3.22
	Control group	17	3.35	0.43
Grit	Experimental group	20	3.74	0.49	3.03
	Control group	17	3.21	0.58
Flow experience	Experimental group	20	3.89	0.27	7.39
	Control group	17	3.12	0.36