Simulation Testing of Maritime Cyber-Physical Systems: Application of Model-View-ViewModel

Table 1

Related works for modeling and simulation studies of defense cyber-physical systems.

Previous work	Motivation	Method
Sung and Kim [14–16]	A collaborative modeling process was proposed. It formally defines the roles and responsibilities of domain engineers, M&S engineers, and platform engineers.	The models can be switched at the run-time or the load-time of a simulation run by the dynamically linked library technology.
Li et al. [15–17]	Domain-specific modeling containing physical and intelligent aspects was developed.	Code generation mechanisms transform domain-specific decision models to python code.
Zhu et al. [16–18]	The proposed two-level metamodeling was based on petri nets to support continuous state transitions and event triggering.	MetaDepth was used for supporting the two-level textual modeling and implementing the deep semantics.
Park et al. [17–19]	A defense CPS model is classified into core and shell parts. The two parts are specified with the DEVS (discrete event systems specification) formalism.	The Delta3D engine was used to represent combat entities graphically within a centralized simulation environment.
Squarcia et al. [18–20]	A multiscale method was applied for modeling and simulation of systems/subsystems with a different degree of detail and accuracy.	An integrated simulation environment was developed for the performance evaluation of entire naval CPSs.
Xu et al. [19–21]	The proposed warship model contains one computational model for overall tactical behaviors and three engineering models regarding weapons.	A specific software-hardware environment was required to interconnect legacy systems.
Cheng et al. [20–22]	The proposed model for a CPS contains navigation, radar, and measurement submodels.	Three key technologies are resolved in their simulation system: general simulation platform, distributed simulation, and data exchange.