Spatial Pattern and Evolution of Global Innovation Network from 2000 to 2019: Global Patent Dataset Perspective

Table 2

The percentage of patents among layers in GIPN.

Layer	Percentage (%)
	2000–2004	2005–2009	2010–2014	2015–2019
Core-core	39.45	34.34	49.76	50.03
Core-semicore	10.07	11.82	14.17	15.00
Core-semiperiphery	0.70	0.48	0.83	1.04
Core-periphery	0.07	0.26	0.26	0.22
Semicore-core	39.56	41.91	24.59	22.40
Semicore-semicore	4.40	5.94	2.87	2.64
Semicore-semiperiphery	0.56	0.47	0.42	0.40
Semicore-periphery	0.13	0.27	0.14	0.11
Semiperiphery-core	3.90	3.42	5.26	6.19
Semiperiphery-semicore	0.52	0.53	1.07	1.27
Semiperiphery-semiperiphery	0.08	0.04	0.12	0.15
Semiperiphery-periphery	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.05
Periphery-core	0.43	0.39	0.35	0.37
Periphery-semicore	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.10
Periphery-semiperiphery	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02
Periphery-periphery	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
Sum	100	100	100	100