Sedation Monitoring and Management during Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy

Table 1

Infusion rates of propofol (10 mg/mL) and remifentanil (40 μg/mL) used in sedation maintenance and spontaneous breathing during the PELD procedures.

	Propofol (mg/kg/h)			Remifentanil (μg/kg/min)			Spontaneous breathing (+, Yes; −, No)
	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3
T1	0	0	0	0	0	0	+	+	+
T2A	3	2	1.3	0.125	0.125	0	−	−	+
T2B	2	2	0.8	0.0625	0.0625	0	+	+	+
T3A	1	3	1.7	0.0625	0	0.138	+	+	+
T3B	1	1	1.7	0	0	0.138	−	+	−
T4	0	0	0	0.0625	0.0625	0	+	+	+

T1: at the beginning; T2A: after IV propofol bolus; T2B: after reducing propofol and remifentanil to obtain targeted BIS and SS scores; T3A: at the beginning of the spinal neuroendoscopy and discectomy; T3B: after extra doses of propofol during the spinal neuroendoscopy and discectomy; T4: at the end of surgical procedure.