Percutaneous Epidural Hydrogel Sealant for the Treatment of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Case Report of Chronic Thoracic Neuralgia and Technical Lessons Learned

Table 1

Summary of literature review for epidural placement of fibrin glue. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; IDDS, intrathecal drug delivery system; SIH, spontaneous intracranial hypotension; PDPH, post dural puncture headache; CT, computed tomography; Fluoro, fluoroscopy; TF, transforaminal; IL, interlaminar; LOR, loss of resistance; NR, not reported.

Source	Diagnosis	Number of patients	Sealant	Volume (ml)	Needle gauge	Level	Approach	Guidance	Complications
Gerritse et al. [5]	CSF leak after IDDS implant	3	Tissucol, duo 500, Immuno-AG	4; 4; 3	18	Lumbar	NR	NR	NR
Trentman et al. [6]	SIH	1	Tisseel, Baxter	3.5; 5	18	T4-5; T11-12	TF	CT	NR
Gladstone et al. [7]	SIH	1	Tisseel, Baxter	3.5; 4	18	T2; T3	TF	CT	NR
Kamada et al. [8]	SIH	1	Beriplast P, Aventis Pharma	2.8	16	C2	Catheter	N/A	NR
Patel et al. [9]	Post-surgical leak	23	Autologous CRYO-thrombin-CaCl mixture	4–24	18–20	Lumbar, thoracic, cervical,; skull base	NR	CT	Aseptic meningitis,
Crul et al. [10]	PDPH	1	Tissucol, duo 500, Immuno AG	3	18	L3-4	IL	LOR	NR
Schievink et al. [11]	SIH	4	Tisseel, Baxter	4	18–20	Left T12-L1	TF	CT-cervical,; Fluoro-thoracic and lumbar	NR
				16 (4/level)		Bilateral C5-6; Bilateral C6-7
				20 (4/level)		Bilateral C5-6; Bilateral C6-7; Left C4-5
				10 (5/level)		Bilateral C6-7
Wong and Monroe [12]	PDPH	1	Evicel, Ethicon/ J&J	5	18	L1-2	IL	Fluoro	NR
Freeman et al. [13]	CSF leak after IDDS implant	3	NR	3; 10; 7	18	L2-3; L2-3; L1-2	IL	Fluoro	NR