Tongue Tied after Shoulder Surgery: A Case Series and Literature Review

Table 4

Additional case reports of postoperative hypoglossal nerve palsy.

First author	Surgery	Position	Airway	Throat pack	Nitrous oxide used	Determined cause
Rubio-Nazabal [21]	Open AAA repair	NA	Oral ETT	No	NA	Excessive cuff pressure
Streppel [18]	Sinus surgery	NA	Oral ETT	No	NA	Calcified ligamentum stylohoideum and intubation
Dearing [26]	Molar surgery	NA	Nasal ETT	Yes	NA	Intubation or throat pack
Dwiewas [10]	Esophageal resection	NA	Oral ETT	No	NA	laryngoscopy
Evers [16]	Trans-spenoidal hypophysectomy	Supine	Oral ETT	Yes	Yes	Intubation or throat pack
Ulusoy [27]	Septohinoplasty	Semi-supine	Oral ETT	Yes	Yes	Intubation or mask ventilation
Venkatesh [28]	Craniotomy	NA	Oral ETT	No	Yes	Accidental extubation with inflated cuff
King [29]	Removal of rush pins	NA	LMA	No	Yes	LMA
Lopes [30]	Breast reconstruction	Lateral decubitus and sitting	Oral ETT	No	No	Positioning
Lopes [30]	Breast reduction	Semi-sitting and dorsal decubitus	Oral ETT	No	No	Positioning
Yelken [25]	Open septoplasty	NA	Oral ETT	Likely but unspecified	NA	Intubation and arnold chiari
Michel [17]	Tonsillectomy	NA	Oral ETT	NA	NA	laryngoscopy
Lo [31]	ORIF humerus	NA	LMA	No	NA	Malpositioned LMA
Stewart [32]	Knee arthroscopy	NA	LMA	No	Yes	Excessive cuff pressure
Baumgarten [33]	Septoplasty	NA	Oral ETT	NA	NA	Intubation
Trumpelmann [34]	ORIF tibial plateau fracture	NA	LMA	NA	Yes	LMA and nitrous oxide
Takahoko [35]	Hallux valgus correction	Supine	LMA	No	Yes	LMA and nitrous oxide
Al-Benna [36]	Breast augmentation	30 degree elevated supine	Oral ETT	No	Yes	ETT
Slaats [37]	Exploratory laparoscopy	Supine	Oral ETT	No	NA	Intubation, hematoma near nerve
Sommers [38]	Removal of scar tissue behind ears	Extreme side rotation of head	LMA	No	No	Positioning

= bilateral; NA = not available; IS = interscalene block.