When Is the Optimal Timing of Surgical Intervention for Severe Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation?

Figure 1

Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrating AF rhythm on admission (a) but demonstrating normal sinus rhythm two months after annuloplasty (d). Doppler echocardiography showing severe TR due to insufficient leaflet coaptation on admission (b) but showing the improvement of TR after annuloplasty (e) in the apical view tract at systole. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography showing coaptation defect (arrows) (c). RV: right ventricular; LV: left ventricular; RA: right atrium; LA: left atrium.

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