Transcutaneous Puncture of an Undeflatable Coronary Angioplasty Balloon Catheter

Figure 3

Mechanisms of contrast media entrapment. Several potential mechanisms can result in the contrast media being trapped inside the balloon. (a) Acute recoil of calcified lesion or stent and (b) strangulation of the balloon in the guide catheter. (c) Damage to the hypotube (kink or break). Dotted arrows and red X indicate compromised contrast media flow from the balloon into the hypotube.

(a)

(b)

(c)