Relapsed Brucellosis Manifested as Endocarditis with Vegetation on the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Lead

Table 1

Case reports of brucellosis involving pacemakers and cardiac devices.

Study/year	Country	Gender	Age (years)	Type of device	Brucella relapse	Brucella blood culture	Miscellaneous cultures	Device and leads removed	Antibiotics	Treatment duration
de la Fuente et al. [28]	Spain	Male	63	Chamber end cavitary pacemaker	Yes	No	Pacemaker, leads, pus, necrotic tissue	Yes	Doxycycline; Rifampin; Streptomycin	45 days; 45 days; 21 days
Francia et al. [29]	Spain	Male	71	Pacemaker	Yes	No	Pacemaker and leads. Negative TEE	Yes	Doxycycline; Rifampin	6 weeks; 8 weeks
Ulkar et al. [12]	Turkey	Male	68	Pacemaker	No	Yes	Abscess culture	Yes	Doxycycline; Rifampin	6 weeks; 6 weeks
Miragliotta et al. [10]	Italy	Female	70	Single-chamber pacemaker	Yes	Yes	Cutaneous swab from fresh wound of recent removal and replacement of pacemaker	No	Rifampicin; Ciprofloxacin; Minocycline	6 weeks; 6 weeks; 6 weeks
Dourakis et al. [17]	Greece	Male	70	ICD	Yes	Yes	TEE showed mass on tricuspid, pacemaker, and leads had vegetation	Yes	Doxycycline; Ciprofloxacin; Rifampin	12 months; 12 months; 12 months
Al-Majid [13]	Saudi Arabia	Male	38	Pacemaker	Yes	Yes	Leads	Yes	Doxycycline; Rifampin	6 weeks; 6 weeks
Gungor et al. [14]	Turkey	Male	61	Pacemaker	No	Yes	Ultrasonography revealed an abscess and a fistula.; Cultures from sputum samples, drained materials from the abscess, and the pacemaker pocket	Yes	Doxycycline; Rifampin	6 weeks; 6 weeks
Osmonov et al. [15]	Turkey	N/A	N/A	Pacemaker	N/A	Yes	Lead culture; TEE showed vegetation	Yes	N/A	6 weeks
Elmardi et al. [16]	Saudi Arabia	Female	54	ICD	No	No	TEE showed large masses attached to all leads.; Culture from pocket fluid and tissues	Yes	N/A	N/A
	Saudi Arabia	Male	52	Single-chamber ICD	Yes	No	Culture from pocket tissue	Yes	Cotrimoxazole; Doxycycline; Gentamicin	N/A
Al-Adsani and Al-Mousa [11]	Kuwaiti	Male	70	Pacemaker	No	Yes	Transthoracic echo showed calcification and thickening of the aortic valve with two mobile masses attached to the aortic valve.; TEE was unremarkable.	No	Doxycycline; Rifampin; Cotrimoxazole; Gentamicin	3 months; 3 months; 3 months; 2 weeks
Dhand and Ross [18]	United States	Male	66	ICD	No	No	Cultures from superficial specimen, tissue from the pocket, ICD, and leads	Yes	Gentamicin; Ciprofloxacin; Doxycycline	6 weeks; 6 weeks
Enjalbert et al. [30]	France	Male	65	ICD	N/A	No	Culture from device	Yes	N/A	N/A
Kanji and Saxinger [19]	Canada	Male	82	Pacemaker	No	No	Cultures from leads and ventricular tissue	Yes	Gentamicin; Doxycycline; Rifampin	12 weeks; 12 weeks