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Study/year | Country | Gender | Age (years) | Type of device | Brucella relapse | Brucella blood culture | Miscellaneous cultures | Device and leads removed | Antibiotics | Treatment duration |
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de la Fuente et al. [28] | Spain | Male | 63 | Chamber end cavitary pacemaker | Yes | No | Pacemaker, leads, pus, necrotic tissue | Yes | Doxycycline Rifampin Streptomycin | 45 days 45 days 21 days |
Francia et al. [29] | Spain | Male | 71 | Pacemaker | Yes | No | Pacemaker and leads. Negative TEE | Yes | Doxycycline Rifampin | 6 weeks 8 weeks |
Ulkar et al. [12] | Turkey | Male | 68 | Pacemaker | No | Yes | Abscess culture | Yes | Doxycycline Rifampin | 6 weeks 6 weeks |
Miragliotta et al. [10] | Italy | Female | 70 | Single-chamber pacemaker | Yes | Yes | Cutaneous swab from fresh wound of recent removal and replacement of pacemaker | No | Rifampicin Ciprofloxacin Minocycline | 6 weeks 6 weeks 6 weeks |
Dourakis et al. [17] | Greece | Male | 70 | ICD | Yes | Yes | TEE showed mass on tricuspid, pacemaker, and leads had vegetation | Yes | Doxycycline Ciprofloxacin Rifampin | 12 months 12 months 12 months |
Al-Majid [13] | Saudi Arabia | Male | 38 | Pacemaker | Yes | Yes | Leads | Yes | Doxycycline Rifampin | 6 weeks 6 weeks |
Gungor et al. [14] | Turkey | Male | 61 | Pacemaker | No | Yes | Ultrasonography revealed an abscess and a fistula. Cultures from sputum samples, drained materials from the abscess, and the pacemaker pocket | Yes | Doxycycline Rifampin | 6 weeks 6 weeks |
Osmonov et al. [15] | Turkey | N/A | N/A | Pacemaker | N/A | Yes | Lead culture TEE showed vegetation | Yes | N/A | 6 weeks |
Elmardi et al. [16] | Saudi Arabia | Female | 54 | ICD | No | No | TEE showed large masses attached to all leads. Culture from pocket fluid and tissues | Yes | N/A | N/A |
Saudi Arabia | Male | 52 | Single-chamber ICD | Yes | No | Culture from pocket tissue | Yes | Cotrimoxazole Doxycycline Gentamicin | N/A |
Al-Adsani and Al-Mousa [11] | Kuwaiti | Male | 70 | Pacemaker | No | Yes | Transthoracic echo showed calcification and thickening of the aortic valve with two mobile masses attached to the aortic valve. TEE was unremarkable. | No | Doxycycline Rifampin Cotrimoxazole Gentamicin | 3 months 3 months 3 months 2 weeks |
Dhand and Ross [18] | United States | Male | 66 | ICD | No | No | Cultures from superficial specimen, tissue from the pocket, ICD, and leads | Yes | Gentamicin Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline | 6 weeks 6 weeks |
Enjalbert et al. [30] | France | Male | 65 | ICD | N/A | No | Culture from device | Yes | N/A | N/A |
Kanji and Saxinger [19] | Canada | Male | 82 | Pacemaker | No | No | Cultures from leads and ventricular tissue | Yes | Gentamicin Doxycycline Rifampin | 12 weeks 12 weeks |
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