Avulsion of Permanent Mandibular Incisors: A Report of Two Cases with Pertinent Literature

Table 1

Case reporting avulsion of the permanent mandibular incisors.

Case no.	Nature	Mandibular tooth avulsed		Age (years)	Etiology	Extraoral time	Storage media	Treatment	Follow-up	Outcome (at final follow-up)	Author/year
		S. no.	FDI notation
1	Direct	1	#31	11	Playground injury	3 hours	Dry	Delayed implantation (DR) after soaking in doxycycline	2 years	Success—arrested root resorption	Calişkan et al. [7]
2	Direct	2	#31	6	Fall	2 hours	Milk	DR	8 years 8 months	Success—surface resorption in both	Kinoshita et al. [8]
3	Direct	3	#41	9	Fall	11 hours	Dry	DR	1 year 6 months
4	Direct	4	#42	12	Playground injury	20 minutes	None	Self immediate implantation (IR). Late root canal treatment (RCT) after 6 months.	1 year	Success—asymptomatic and stable	Emerich et al. [9]
5	Direct	5	#41	12	Dog bite	5 hours	Entrapped in intraoral laceration	IR RCT after 1 week	1 week	Success—asymptomatic and stable	Bianco et al. [10]
6	Direct	6	#41	8	Baseball injury	6 hours	Milk	IR. No RCT	3 weeks	Failure—extraction and rehabilitation	Boynton and Barber [11]
7	Direct	7	#31	13	Self injury by thread	11 days	Dry wrapped in cloth	DR	20 months	Functional with replacement resorption	Shweta et al. [12]
8	Direct	8	#31	7	Fall	20 minutes	Milk	IR No RCT. Single-step regenerative therapy after 6 months for a failed reimplantation	2 years	Success—asymptomatic and stable continuous root development	Chaniotis [13]
9	Direct	9	#41	8	Playground injury	3 hours	Not stored	DR	4 years	Success—asymptomatic and stable	Abuhaimed [14]
		10	#42					RCT after 4 months
10	Direct	11	#42	17	Domestic	Less than 30 minutes	Milk	IR after topical doxycycline application	6 months	Success—asymptomatic and vital on electric pulp testing testing	Sankar et al. [15]
					Accident
11	Indirect	12	#31	11	Playground injury	15 days	Not stored	Not implanted (NR)	Not applicable (NA)	NA	Bonanato et al. [16]
								Replacement by fibre reinforced adhesive FPD
12	Indirect	13	#31	12	Fall	No tooth found	NA	NR	NA	NA	Elbay et al. [17]
		14	#41					Prosthetic
								Rehabilitation
13	Indirect	15	#31	8	Playground injury	3 hours	Teeth not recovered	Fixed space maintainer	NA	NA	Salako et al. [18]
		16	#32
		17	#41
		18	#42
14	Indirect	19	#31	13	Sledge	NR	NR	Reimplantation	NA	NA	Schneider and Moser [19]
		20	#32		Accident	NR	NR	No RCT	NA	NA
								Extracted after 15 months. Orthodontic management of extraction spaces
15	Indirect	21	#31	6	Fall	NR	NA	NR	4 year	Root-like structures found on incidental ortho pantomogram (OPG) examination	Reis et al. [20]
		22	#31					Prosthetic rehabilitation by removable partial denture
		23	#41
		24	#42