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| Case report | Biography | Final diagnosis | Workup | Management |
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| Da Silva Carvalho et al. (2008) [1] | A 13-year-old girl | Hematidrosis around the mouth after strenuous exercise or prolonged exposure to heat | Clinical history and physical examination were normal.
Laboratory tests were normal.
Skin biopsy showed a normal epidermis and a dermis with preserved pilosebaceous annexes and eccrine sweat glands. There were small, congested, periglandular
blood capillaries, some in close contact, without red blood cell extravasation. | The patient evolved with spontaneous improvement of the condition. |
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| Praveen and Vincent (2012) [2] | A 10-year-old girl | Hematidrosis and haemolacria (from forehead, neck, umbilicus, wrists, and legs) and epistaxis;
all episodes of bleeding were preceded by a stressful event | General clinical examination and all laboratory evaluations were normal. | A trial of oral lorazepam in a patient with hematidrosis. However, it had to be stopped after 3 days due to intolerable side effects. She was prescribed oral propranolol and her symptoms have improved. |
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| Tshifularo (2014) [3] | An 18-year-old girl | Bloody otorrhea induced by stressful school life | General clinical examination and all laboratory evaluations were normal. | Reassurance provided with spontaneous resolution overtime. |
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| Biswas et al. (2013) [4] | A 12-year-old girl | Hematohidrosis from the intact skin over the forehead, scalp, cheek, nose, and trunk, without prior stressful events | Clinical history and physical examination were normal.
Laboratory tests were normal.
Skin biopsy was normal.
Benzidine test of the secretion confirmed the presence of blood.
Peripheral smear of the secretion showed RBCs and numerous cocci and bacilli. | Patient received transdermal atropine patches over the affected bleeding areas for one-month duration and gradual improvement was noted. |
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| Deshpande et al. (2014) [5] | A 10-year-old boy | Recurrent episodes of hematohidrosis from umbilical, eyes, ear lobules, and nose regions with preexisting oppositional defiant disorder | General clinical examination and all laboratory evaluations were normal. | Therapy initiated with lorazepam during admission course and propranolol. Patient condition improved gradually and was discharged with propranolol only.
However, the main focus of management during follow-up was nonpharmacological management that consisted of behavioral interventions for the child and counseling and psychoeducation to the parents. |
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