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| Author | Published year | Causal organism | Risk factor | Thyroid function status at presentation | Time of FNA to presentation | Management |
|
| Isenberg [22] | 1994 | Staphylococci | Diabetes mellitus | Not stated | Not available | Not available |
| Wang et al. [14] | 1997 | Escherichia coli | On adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer and leukopenic | Euthyroid | 3 months | Semiemergent thyroidectomy |
| Sun et al. [9] | 2001 | Propionibacterium acnes | No known risk factors | Not stated | Not stated | Pus aspiration 3 times and antibiotics for 28 days |
| Nishihara et al. [21] | 2005 | Staphylococcus aureus | Severe atopic dermatitis | Thyrotoxic | 4 days | Antibiotics for 1 month followed by resection of the affected thyroid lobe due to persistent fever, raised inflammatory markers, and leukocytosis |
| Chen et al. [18] | 2005 | Sterile | Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) | Euthyroid | Within a week | Parenteral antibiotics for 2 weeks followed by total thyroidectomy for PTC |
| Halenka et al. [17] | 2008 | Escherichia coli | No known risk factors | Euthyroid | 3 days | Drainage of abscess with parenteral antibiotics followed by total thyroidectomy |
| Yildar et al. [20] | 2014 | Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus | Diabetes mellitus | Thyrotoxic on the 7th day of treatment(Increased uptake in the thyroid gland surrounding the abscess in thyroid scintigraphy)
etiology of hyperthyroidism was not discussed in the article | 15 days | Needle aspiration of abscess 3 times and parenteral antibiotics for 14 days followed by oral antibiotics.
Drainage with a 6F pigtail catheter on the 12th day after the end of parenteral antibiotics, due to further enlargement of the nodule. In view of sterile culture, no antibiotics were given at the time of catheter drainage |
| Unluturk U et al. [15] | 2014 | Sterile | No known risk factors | Not stated | 3 days | Empirical antibiotics for 10 days |
| Tartaglia et al. [16] | 2017 | Not done | Psoriasis on methotrexate | Euthyroid | 10 days | Parenteral empiric antibiotics (ceftazidime and teicoplanin) for 11 days followed by oral amoxicillin/clavlanic acid and levofloxacin for 10 days |
| Ar et al. [19] | 2018 | Staphylococci | No known risk factors | Thyrotoxic | 3 weeks | Parenteral antibiotics, open drainage of the abscess, and excision of the cyst wall and right lobe of the thyroid on the 2nd day of admission due to failed aspiration and persistent fever in spite of antibiotic therapy |
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