|
| Case | Place | Gender | Age | Presentation | Laboratory findings | Imaging studies | Follow-up |
|
| Ippolito et al. [5] | Italy | Female | 69 | Five days after the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, she presented with palpitations, insomnia, and agitation. She did not refer neck pain but was under pain killers. | TSH: low; FT4 and FT3: high; anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), anti-peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb): negative. | Ultrasonography (US): enlarged hypoechoic thyroid with decreased vascularity. No uptake in the thyroid scan using Tc 99-m. | She was given methimazole, but the thyrotoxicosis worsened. She was given steroids, and after 10 days, all laboratory findings and symptoms improved. |
| Brancatella et al. [4] | Italy | Female | 18 | Symptoms included fever, neck pain radiated to the jaw, and palpitations 15 days after a SARS-CoV-2-positive oropharyngeal swab. | TSH: undetectable; FT4 and FT3: elevated; TgAb, TPOAb, TRAb, inflammatory markers, and white blood cell count: elevated. | US: bilateral and diffuse hypoechoic areas. | Symptoms improved within 1 week, and thyroid function and labs normalized in 40 days. |
| Ruggeri et al. [7] | Italy | Female | 43 | The patient developed neck pain, fatigue, tremors, and palpitation one month after the diagnosis of COVID-19. | TSH: suppressed; FT4 and FT3: elevated; TgAb, TPOAb, and TRAb: undetectable. | US: diffusely enlarged and hypoechogenic thyroid gland. Thyroid scintigraphy with 99mTc-perthecnetate showed markedly reduced uptake. | The patient was treated with oral prednisone, and within 2 weeks, the inflammatory response normalized. Thyroid function tests recovered 4 weeks after steroid treatment. |
| Campos-Barrera et al. | Mexico | Female | 37 | Severe neck pain (8/10) irradiating to the right jaw and ear as well as fatigue. She did not mention any clinical signs of hyperthyroidism. | TSH: undetectable; FT4 and FT3: elevated; TgAb, TPOAb, and TRAb: undetectable; elevated ESR and CRP and anemia. | Thyroid iodine scan showed no radioactive iodine uptake. | One month after the diagnosis, the patient remained asymptomatic but her lab tests were still relevant for anemia, thrombocytopenia, high ESR, and low TSH (0.01 mUI/L). |
|
