P-Chloroaniline Poisoning Causing Methemoglobinemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Substances that can cause MetHb¹.

Drugs		Chemical agents
Acetaminophen	Methylene blue	Acetanilide
Ammonium nitrate	Metoclopramide	Alloxan
Amyl nitrate	Nitrates/nitrites	Aminophenol
Anticonvulsants	Nitric oxide	Anilines
Valproic acid	Nitrofurantoin	Automobile exhaust fumes
Phenytoin	Nitroglycerine	Benzene
Antimalaria drugs	Nitroprusside	Bivalent copper
Chloroquine	Nitrous oxide	Burning wood and plastic
Quinacrine	Isobutyl nitrate	Chlorates
Primaquine	Oral hypoglycemics	Chromates
Bismuth subnitrate	p-Aminosalicylic acid	Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dapsone	Phenacetin	Dinitrophenol
Flutamide	Phenazopyridine	Fumes
Hydroxylamine	Piperazine	Naphthalene
Local anesthetics	Rifampin	Nitrates
Benzocaine	Riluzole	Nitrites
Bupivacaine	Sulfadiazine	Nitrobenzene
Lidocaine		Nitroethane
Prilocaine		Nitrophenol
EMLA^*		Paraquat
		Propanil
		Toluidine
		Trinitrotoluene (TNT)

This list is not complete. ¹References: see [6, 21, 25]. Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics.