Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy as an Initial Presentation of Multiple Myeloma

Table 2

Clinical, demographic characteristics, treatment, and outcome of reported cases of encephalopathy in multiple myeloma.

Authors; year of publication	Age/gender	Predisposing factors	Treatment	Outcome
Klomp et al. [8]; 2006	60 yr, female	Posterior leucoencephalopathy due to hypercalcemia	Isotonic saline and pamidronate	Improved
Sandhu et al. [9]; 2009	68 yr, male	Paraneoplastic manifestation of multiple myeloma	Intravenous dexamethasone	Complete recovery
Rather et al. [10]; 2014	66 yr, male	Hypernatremia, hypercalcemia azotemia	Bortezumib and dexamethasone	Improved
Sharma et al. [5]; 2015	49 yr, male	Hyperammonemia	Cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone	Improved
Jaruvongvanich et al. [11]; 2016	39 yr, female	Leptomeningeal myelomatosis and hyperammonemic encephalopathy	Bortezumib and dexamethasone	Developed septic shock, expired due to multisystem organ failure
Current report	84 yr, female	Hypercalcemia	Isotonic saline, zolendronic acid, bortezumib, and dexamethasone	Improved