Case Report
Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy as an Initial Presentation of Multiple Myeloma
Table 2
Clinical, demographic characteristics, treatment, and outcome of reported cases of encephalopathy in multiple myeloma.
| Authors; year of publication | Age/gender | Predisposing factors | Treatment | Outcome |
| Klomp et al. [8]; 2006 | 60 yr, female | Posterior leucoencephalopathy due to hypercalcemia | Isotonic saline and pamidronate | Improved | Sandhu et al. [9]; 2009 | 68 yr, male | Paraneoplastic manifestation of multiple myeloma | Intravenous dexamethasone | Complete recovery | Rather et al. [10]; 2014 | 66 yr, male | Hypernatremia, hypercalcemia azotemia | Bortezumib and dexamethasone | Improved | Sharma et al. [5]; 2015 | 49 yr, male | Hyperammonemia | Cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone | Improved | Jaruvongvanich et al. [11]; 2016 | 39 yr, female | Leptomeningeal myelomatosis and hyperammonemic encephalopathy | Bortezumib and dexamethasone | Developed septic shock, expired due to multisystem organ failure | Current report | 84 yr, female | Hypercalcemia | Isotonic saline, zolendronic acid, bortezumib, and dexamethasone | Improved |
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