First Documented Case of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube-Associated Bacterial Peritonitis due to Achromobacter Species with Literature Review

Table 1

All reported cases of Achromobacter spp. peritonitis-demographics, coinfection etiologies, and catheter or tube removal status.

Case	Year	Age/sex	PD catheter or PEG-tube removal	Coinfection microbes
Bacterial peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis
1 [8]	1980	53/M	No	Staphylococcus epidermidis
2 [5]	1984	40/M	No	Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
3 [53]	1986	34/F	No	None
4 [54, 55]	1995	45/M	Yes. Day 48	None
5 [55]	1998	52/F	Yes. Day 10	None
7 [56]	Sep 2001	46/F	Yes. Day 6	None
8 [56]	Sep 2001	35/F	Yes. Day 8	None
10 [49]	2004	16/M	Yes. Day NR	None
11 [57]	2007	72/F	No	None
12 [58]	2010	51/F	Yes. Day 1	None
13 [59]	2011	74/F	Yes. Day 19	Pseudomonas aeruginosa
14 [60]	May 2012	82/F	No	Achromobacter denitrificans
15 [50]	Jul 2012	31/M	No	None
16 [51]	Jan 2014	60/F	No	None
17 [14]	2017	45/F	Removed prior to Achromobacter peritonitis	None
18 [52]	2018	27/F	Yes. Day NR. During third episode	None
Sponteneous bacterial peritonitis
6 [12]	2000	43/M	N/A	None
9 [13]	2001	54/M	N/A	Likely Escherichia coli
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube-associated peritonitis
19	2018	65/M	No	Enterococcus faecium
				Candida glabrata

In case 7, PD catheter was replaced one-month postantibiotics. In case 8, catheter was replaced 6 weeks postantibiotics; PD catheter failed; subsequently, hemodialysis was initiated. Cases 11, 14, and 15 were reported as exit site infections. Case 16 was reported to be a tunnel infection. Abbreviations: PD = peritoneal dialysis, PEG = percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, NR = not reported, N/A = not applicable.