Rivaroxaban-Induced Nontraumatic Spinal Subdural Hematoma: An Uncommon Yet Life-Threatening Complication

Table 1

Summary of the cases of rivaroxaban-associated nontraumatic spinal hematoma.

	Location and type of the spinal hematoma	Rivaroxaban dosage	Indication for rivaroxaban	Related spinal procedures	Management	Outcome
Jaeger et al. [4]	Cervicothoracic; Epidural	10 mg daily	Postoperative prophylaxis	2 days after general anesthesia for proximal tibial osteotomy	Bed rest; No surgery	Complete recovery
Radcliff et al. [5]	Lumbar; Epidural	Unknown	Postoperative prophylaxis	7 days after spinal anesthesia for knee arthroplasty	Surgery	Complete neurologic recovery
Castillo et al. [6]	Thoracolumbar; Subdural	20 mg daily	Atrial fibrillation	None	Cervical and lumbar drainage procedures	No recovery of bladder, bowel, and neurologic functions at 6 months after drainage
Dargazanli et al. [7]	Thoracic; Subdural	20 mg daily	Atrial fibrillation	None	Prothrombin complex concentrate; Surgery the next day	No improvement up to 6 months of follow-up
Zaarour et al. (our case)	Cervicothoracic; Subdural	20 mg daily	Atrial fibrillation	21 days after lumbar anesthesia for hip arthroplasty	High dose steroids; Surgery on day 4	Marked improvement but no complete recovery