Two Cases of Primary Cold Agglutinin Disease Associated with Megaloblastic Anemia

Figure 3

The majority of primary CAD and WM-associated CAD cases (>70%) show cold agglutinins of monoclonal IgM-kappa antibodies. On the other hand, lymphoma-associated CAD is associated with monoclonal IgM-lambda antibodies [2]. Cold agglutinins associated with postinfectious diseases such as Epstein-Barr virus or mycoplasma pneumoniae infection-related CAD can be polyclonal [1]. CAD: cold agglutinin disease; ML: malignant lymphoma; WM: Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia; p.i.: postinfection; κ: kappa; L: lambda; p: polyclonal.