Iatrogenic Spinal Subdural Hematoma due to Apixaban: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Characteristics of the cases of nontraumatic spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma secondary to NOACs.

Author [reference]	Sex, age	Topography	Type of drug, dose	Indication of anticoagulation	Symptom	Treatment	Outcome
Castillo et al. [2]	M, 69 yrs	Thoracolumbar	Rivaroxaban, 20 mg/day	Atrial fibrillation	Lumbar pain, paraplegia, sphincter dysfunction	Cervical and lumbar drainage	No improvement
Dargazanli et al. [3]	M, 72 yrs	Thoracic	Rivaroxaban, 20 mg/day	Atrial fibrillation	Acute interscapular pain, paraplegia	Prothrombin complex, surgery	No improvement at 6 months
Zaarour et al. [4]	F, 58 yrs	Cervicothoracic	Rivaroxaban, 20 mg/day	Atrial fibrillation	Acute interscapular pain, weakness of lower extremities	High-dose steroids, surgery	Important improvement but not complete
Present case	F, 75 yrs	Cervical-dorsal-lumbar-sacral	Apixaban 2.5 mg/12 h	Atrial fibrillation	Acute paraparesis (left side predominant)	High-dose steroids, two surgical operations	Partial improvement at 1 month after the second operation