Case Report
Anti-CD20 Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Refractory to Corticosteroids and Azathioprine: A Pediatric Case Report and Mini Review
Table 2
Basic data from case reports and studies regarding the use of rituximab in children with primary or secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
| | First author/year | Number of patients | Age | Primary/secondary | Response | Time to response | Duration of response/follow-up | IVIG | Complications |
| | Quartier et al. [8] | 6 | 7–35 mo | 5/1 | CR | 4 min | 15–22 min | Y | Pyelonephritis, febrile bronchitis | | Zecca et al. [7] | 1 | 18 mo | 0/1 | CR | 2 w | 5 min | Y | — | | Motto et al. [31] | 4 | 3.5–15 y | 3/1 | CR | NM | NM | Y | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, varicella pneumonia | | McMahon et al. [32] | 1 | 16 y | 1/0 | CR | 4 w | 19 mo | N | — | | Hongeng et al. [33] | 1 | 37 mo | 0/1 | CR | 2 w | 3 mo | Y | — | | Kerridge et al. [34] | 1 | 8 y | 1/0 | CR | 3 w | 14 mo | N | — | | Zecca et al. [35] | 15 | 0.3–13, 8 y | 11/4 | 13 CR, 2 NR | 5–72 d | 7.3–27.6 mo | Y | Varicella infection | | Gottardo et al. [36] | 1 | 2 y | 1/0 | CR | 1 w | 19 mo | Y | — | | Wakim et al. [37] | 1 | 6 y | 0/1 | CR | 1 min | 16 mo | Y | — | | Raj et al. [38] | 1 | 14 y | 0/1 | CR | 3 w | 22 mo | N | — | | van Daalen et al. [39] | 4 | 3–16 y | 4/0 | 3 CR, 1 NR | NM | NM | Y | — | | Bonduel et al. [40] | 1 | 13 mo | 0/1 | CR | 4 w | 5 mo | Y | — | | Silvana et al. [41] | 1 | 23 mo | 0/1 | CR | 18 d | 7 mo | Y | — | | Kim et al. [42] | 4 | 3–16 mo | 0/4 | CR | 1–5 w | NM | Y | — | | Schappi et al. [43] | 1 | 16 mo | 0/1 | CR | 10 w | 18 mo | N | — | | Rao et al. [10] | 8 | 5–17 y | 6/2 | 4 CR, 2 PR, 2 NR | NM | 3–30 mo | Y | Mild infusion reactions | | Beretta et al. [44] | 1 | 8 mo | 1/0 | PR | 2 relapses | 7 mo | N | — | | Simms-Waldrip et al. [45] | 1 | 9 y | 0/1 | CR | 3 w | 4 mo | N | — | | Svahn et al. [11] | 4 | 1–9 mo | 2/2 | 3 CR, 1 PR | 1–8 min | 21–80 mo | Y | — | | Lucchini et al. [46] | 1 | 3 y | 1/0 | CR | 2 w | 12 mo | N | — | | Rao et al. [30] | 3 | 1–9 y | 0/3 | NR | Relapses | - | Y | Neutropenia | | Haller et al. [47] | 1 | 4 mo | 0/1 | CR | 3 w | 12 mo | Y | — | | Ansari et al. [12] | 5 | 3–14 y | 5/0 | CR | NM | 8–30 mo | N | Seizures during infusion, meningitis | | van der Linde et al. [48] | 1 | 2 y | 1/0 | PR | 1 relapse, 11 min | 6 y | N | — | | Gupta et al. [13] | 2 | 0.5/4 y | 2/0 | CR/PR | 3 w | 12 mo | N | — | | Kuzmanovic and Jurisic [49] | 1 | 5 mo | 1/0 | CR | 3 w | 12 mo | Y | — | | Moriya et al. [50] | 1 | 3 mo | 1/0 | CR | 4 w | 30 mo | N | — | | O’Connell et al. [51] | 1 | 4 y | 0/1 | PR | NM | NM | N | — | | Makadia et al. [52] | 1 | 4 mo | 1/0 | CR | 4 w | 6 mo | N | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia | | Faraci et al. [53] | 7 | 2–6 mo | 0/7 | CR | 1–3 m | 3.5–140 mo | NM | — | | Dev et al. [54] | 1 | 9 y | 1/0 | CR | NM | 12 mo | N | Respiratory tract infections | | Sankaran et al. [4] | 5 | NM | NM | 2 CR, 1 PR, 2 NR | NM | NM | NM | NM | | Ducassou et al. [15] | 61 | 3.3–14.9 y | 46/15 | 40 CR, 6 PR, 15 NR | 1–3 min | 2.5–7.8 y | 13 cases | 3 allergic reactions, 1 neutropenia | | Ajmi et al. [14] | 1 | 10 y | 1/0 | CR | 3 w | 4 mo | N | — | | Gonzalez-Vicent et al. [55] | 40 | NM | 0/40 | CR or PR | NM | NM | NM | — |
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