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Reference | Number of patients | Cancer | Anticoagulant | Duration of therapy | Outcome |
|
Oda et al.[15] | 1 | Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma | Heparin, warfarin | 4 weeks | Radiographic resolution at 4 weeks |
Iqbal and Sharma[13] | 1 | Metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma | LMWH, warfarin | 5 months | Clinical improvement in symptoms at 5 months |
Mutreja et al.[14] | 1 | JAK2V617F mutation-positive hematolymphoid malignancy | Heparin, warfarin, dabigatran | 21 days | Death at 21 days |
Tuncel et al. [16] | 1 | Advanced-stage small cell lung cancer | LMWH | N/A | Clinical improvement at 1 month |
Marvin et al. [3] | 1 | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (brain metastases) | Heparin | N/A | Radiographic resolution and death at 4 months (unknown cause) |
Shimizu et al. [17] | 1 | Tongue cancer | Heparin | N/A | Clinical and radiographic improvement |
Akai et al. [18] | 1 | Malignant melanoma with meningeal dissemination | Urokinase, heparin | 24 hours | Recanalization of straight sinus |
Ho et al. [19] | 1 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Heparin, warfarin | N/A | Radiographic resolution at 20 days |
Vargo et al. [1] | 1 | Anaplastic gemistocytic astrocytoma | Heparin, enoxaparin | N/A | Stabilization and interval improvement on MRI |
Eudo et al. [5] | 1 | Multiple myeloma | LMWH | N/A | Clinical improvement in symptoms at 1 month |
Li et al. [20] | 1 | Grade 2, stage IIIC serous ovarian cancer | Enoxaparin | 5 weeks | Death at 5 weeks |
Chang et al. [21] | 1 | Acute myeloid leukemia, M1 | Enoxaparin, warfarin | N/A | Clinical improvement in vision |
Wang et al. [22] | 1 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Enoxaparin | 7 months | Clinical and radiographic improvement at six months |
Iurlaro et al. [23] | 9 | Breast cancer x2, gastric cancer, NHL x3, HL, kidney cancer and melanoma, and rhinopharyngeal cancer | Unfractionated , LMWH | N/A | Based off of modified Rankin scale (mRS): complete recovery in 4 patients (mRS 0), mild sequelae in 4 patients (mRS 1-2), and moderate sequelae in one patient (mRS 3) |
Karam and Koussa [24] | 2 | Germ-cell carcinoma of the testis; poorly differentiated pericardial carcinoma | Unknown anticoagulation; heparin | 20 days | Clinical and radiographic improvement at 1 month; unknown outcome |
Ross et al. [25] | 4 | T-cell ALL; pre-B-cell ALL; ALL; pre-B-cell ALL | LMWH; unfractionated heparin, LMWH, warfarin; LMWH; LMWH | 7 months; n/a; 3 months; 4 months | Radiographic partial recanalization; clinical improvement in symptoms; complete resolution on imaging at 1 month; resolution on imaging at 1 month |
Song et al. [26] | 1 | Acute promyelocytic leukemia | LMWH, warfarin | N/A | Radiographic recanalization of straight sinus with continued occlusion of transverse and confluens sinuum at 1 month |
Imamura et al. [27] | 2 | B-precursor ALL; T-cell type NHL | No anticoagulation; LMWH; ATIII concentrate supplementation | N/A; N/A | Death at 40 days; complete neurologic recovery |
Lee et al. [28] | 1 | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Heparin, warfarin | N/A | Radiographic recanalization of the superior sagittal sinus |
Ciccone et al. [29] | 1 | Acute promyelocytic leukemia | Unfractionated heparin, warfarin | | Complete recovery from the coma and almost complete resolution of the sinuses thrombosis. |
Motohashi et al. [30] | 1 | Acute myeloid leukemia | Heparin, warfarin | N/A | Recanalization of straight sinus but continued occlusion of the right transverse and sigmoid sinuses. No neurologic sequelae at 10 months |
Corso et al. [31] | 2 | Ph + ALL; Ph + ALL | Heparin; heparin | N/A; N/A | Radiographic resolution of thrombus; progressive but slow resolution of symptoms |
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