Reactivation of Coccidioides immitis in a Prosthetic Knee after Initiation of Chemotherapy

Table 1

Reported coccidioidomycosis native and prosthetic joint infections and their treatments.

Source	Case	Site of infection	Native vs. prosthetic	Type of surgery	Treatment course	Treatment response
Taxy et al. [6]		Ankle	Native	None	Oral fluconazole × 14 months	Successful
Ellerbrook et al. [7]		Knee	Native	Debridement	Oral fluconazole 600 mg/d indefinitely	Successful
Weisenberg [8]		Knee	Native	Debridement, extensive synovectomy, and meniscectomy	Oral flucaonazole 800 mg/d × 5 months and then itraconazole 200 mg/d indefinitely	Successful
Arbeloa-Gutierrez et al. [4]		Knee	Prosthetic	Prosthesis removal with amphotericin spacer and knee fusion	Oral itraconazole indefinitely	Successful
Austen et al. [9]		Knee	Prosthetic	None	Oral fluconazole 800 mg/d × 4 months and then 400 mg/d indefinitely	Successful
Kuberski et al. [5]	1	Knee	Prosthetic	Debridement, prosthesis removal, and knee fusion	Oral fluconazole 200 mg BID indefinitely	Successful
	2	Knee	Native	Synovectomy and total knee replacement	IV amphotericin (total 1000 mg) and then oral fluconazole 200 mg BID indefinitely	Successful
	3	Knee	Native	None	IV amphotericin (total 1000 mg) and then oral fluconazole 400 mg/d indefinitely	Unsuccessful
	4	Bilateral knees and ankles	Native	Right knee debridement	IV amphotericin (total 920 mg) and then oral itraconazole indefinitely	Unsuccessful
	5	Hip	Prosthetic	None	Oral fluconazole 800 mg/d indefinitely	Successful
	6	Knee	Native	Synovectomy and total knee replacement	Oral fluconazole 400 mg/d indefinitely	Unknown
Nasrawi et al. [10]		Wrist, knee, and ankle	Native	None	IV amphotericin × 12 weeks and then isavuconazonium indefinitely	Unknown