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Case | Patient Age | Gender | Clinical presentation | Presence of extra-spinal disease | Treatment | Outcome |
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Chan et al. 2009 | 37 | Male | Bilateral lower extremity weakness, numbness, unsteady gait × 2 weeks | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
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Choi et al. 2010 | 46 | Female | Progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and numbness × 2 weeks | Not reported | Steroids | Improved exam to ‘near normal’ after initial surgery; progression 2 months post op required second resection (subtotal) with full recovery; no recurrence at 8 months |
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Lindstrom et al. 2010 | 55 | Male | Cord compression, C3-C7 mass | Not reported | Steroids; Radiation Therapy | “Doing well” at 15 month follow up |
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Lindstrom et al. 2010 | 63 | Male | Bilateral hand numbness, C2-C3 mass | Not reported | Not reported | Lost to follow-up |
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Tajima et al. 2012 | 64 | Male | Gradually progressive and worsening dysphagia for 1 month | Slight swelling in both kidneys-renal | Steroids | Improvement of symptoms and MRI findings at 3 weeks |
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Wallace et al. 2013 | 32 | Male | Weakness of dorsum of right foot | Not reported | Not reported | Lost to follow-up |
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Ezzeldin et al. 2014 | 55 | Male | Diplegia of lower extremities and T4/T5 sensory level for 2 weeks | Not reported | Steroids | Able to ambulate at discharge (timing not specified) |
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Kim et al. 2014 | 52 | Female | Sudden weakness of bilateral lower extremities for 2 days; paraplegia, urinary retention | None | Steroids | Unchanged after 2 months |
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Gu et al. 2016 | 43 | Male | Neck pain for 15 days, bilateral lower extremity numbness/weakness, bowel/bladder dysfunction for 4 days | Patient declined testing | Not reported | Resolution of symptoms at 6 months post-op |
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Radotra et al. 2016 | 50 | Male | Progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness for 6 months | Not reported | Steroids | Marginal improvement in strength 7 months post-op |
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Radotra et al. 2016 | 19 | Male | back and left lower extremity pain for 1 year; subtle knee extensor weakness bilaterally | Not reported | Steroids | Pain free at 6 months; stable exam |
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Ferreira et al. 2016 | 57 | Female | Worsening low back pain for 2.5 years; bilateral lower extremity numbness and weakness | None | Steroids | Recurrence and progressive paresis later improved after third resection and long-term steroids |
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Lu et al. 2016 | 55 | Male | Diffuse numbness and weakness for 6 months; constipation and dysuria for 7 days | Not reported | Steroids, cyclophosphamide | Recovered defecation/urination at 20 days; ambulated independently at 5 months |
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Rumalla et al. 2017 | 50 | Male | Rapidly progressive severe back pain at T6 level for 3 months; acute onset paraplegia, T6 sensory level | Right lung associated with adjacent vertebral involvement | Steroids | Near normal lower extremity strength 2 months post-op |
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Williams et al. 2017 | 46 | Female | Worsening neck pain and bilateral upper extremity paresthesias and weakness for 4 months | Not reported | Steroids, azathioprine | Improving strength at 6 month post-op visit |
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Bridges et al. 2017 | 68 | Male | Intermittent thoracic spine pain for 3 years, progressive trunk numbness and bilateral lower extremity numbness for 6 months, dysequilibrium | None | Steroids | Walking independently with resolution of pain at 3 months post-op |
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Winkel et al. 2018 | 48 | Female | Lower back pain, neurogenic claudication, right lower extremity radiculopathy, extradural mass L2-L3 level | None | Steroids | Asymptomatic at 1 year follow-up |
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