|
| Reference | Age | Sex | Nation | Comorbidities | Lesion site | Lesion description | Signs and Symptoms | Diagnosis | Differential diagnosis | Leishmania
spp. | Therapy | Outcome |
|
| [5] | 70 | M | India | Thyroid nodules | Subglottic region and vocal cords | Pinkish-white mass | Hoarseness, dyspnea, cough, and noisy breathing | Histological | — | Unknown, probably
L. donovani | Liposomal amphotericine B daily for 14 days | Clinical recovery, no relapse after 8 months |
|
| [6] | 53 | M | Italy | None | Right epiglottis and pharyngo-laryngeal wall | Whitish fungating region | Dysphonia, dyspnea, and odynophagia | Histological (Giemsa) | Histoplasmosis | L. infantum (PCR) | Liposomal amphotericine B (3 mg/kg/day), for 5 days, repeated after 10 days | Clinical recovery, no relapse after a year |
|
| [7] | 30 | F | Pakistan | None | Right vocal cord | Ulcerative nodular mass | Dysphonia and difficult breathing | Histological | Neoplasia | — | — | — |
|
| [8] | 64 | M | Italy | Diabetes, previous heavy smoker | Left vocal cord | — | Dysphonia | Histological antileishmania antibodies | Neoplasia | — | Liposomal amphotericine B (0.5 mg/kg/day) | Partial clinical recovery |
|
| [9] | 35 | M | Italy | None | Vocal cords | Ulcer | Dysphonia, dysphagia | Histological | — | — | Meglumine antimoniate (0.1 g/day) for 3 days | Clinical recovery |
|
| [10] | 54 | M | Italy | None | Larynx | Swelling | Dysphonia, dysphagia | Histological (Giemsa) | — | — | Meglumine antimoniate for 20 days | Clinical recovery |
|
| [11] | 42 | M | Italy | Smoker | Right vocal cord | Polypoid lesion | Hoarseness | Histological (Giemsa) | — | L. donovani (immunoperoxidase) | Microsurgery | Clinical recovery, no relapse after a year |
|
| [12] | 49 | M | France | None | Vocal cords | Nodular lesion | Dysphonia | Histological antileishmania antibodies | — | — | Meglumine antimoniate (850 mg/day) for 21 days | — |
|
| [12] | 40 | M | France | None | Vocal cords | Ulcerative lesion | — | Histological antileishmania antibodies | — | — | Amphotericine B (3 mg/kg/day) at day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 | Clinical recovery |
|
| [13] | 78 | M | Denmark | — | Larynx | — | Hoarseness | Histological antileishmania antibodies | — | L. donovani or L. infantum or L. tropica (PCR) | — | — |
|
| [14] | 59 | M | Italy | COPD | Subglottic region | Polypoid lesion and erythema | Cough, mucus production | Histological (Giemsa) antileishmania antibodies | Toxoplasmosis Histoplasmosis | L. donovani (PCR) | Liposomal amphotericine B (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 10 days | Clinical recovery |
|
| [15] | 56 | M | France | None | Larynx | Polypoid lesion | Hoarseness | Histological antileishmania antibodies | — | — | Surgery | Clinical recovery |
|
| [16] | 36 | M | Spain | Smoker | Left vocal cord, arytenoid cartilage, and epiglottis | Tumor-like lesion | Dysphonia | Histological (haematoxylin and eosin, Giemsa ) | Bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial infections | L. infantum (culture and isoenzyme analysis) | Meglumine antimoniate (850 mg/day) for 28 days | Clinical recovery, no relapse after 3 months |
|
| [17] | 49 | M | Spain | Smoker, alcohol drinker | Left vocal cord and subglottic region | Vegetant ulcerated lesion | Dysphonia, dyspnea, and weight loss | Histological (haematoxylin and eosin) | Tuberculosis neoplasia | — | Meglumine antimoniate (10 mg/day) for 2 months | Clinical recovery |
|
| [18] | 84 | M | United Kingdom | COPD, former smoker | Left vocal cord | Inflammation | Hoarseness and dysphagia | Histological (haematoxylin and eosin, Giemsa) | Neoplasia | L. donovani (PCR) | Liposomal amphotericin B (3 mg/kg/day) at day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, and 21 | Clinical recovery |
|
| Reported here | 64 | M | Italy | COPD, hypertension, former smoker | Vocal cords | Inflammation and mucosal hyperplasia | Hoarseness and discomfort | Histological (haematoxylin and eosin ) | Neoplasia | L. infantum (PCR) | Liposomal amphotericine B (3 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, then once a week for 5 weeks | Clinical recovery, relapse after 3 months |
|
