Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis due to Viral Hepatitis A

Table 2

Review of the clinical presentation, ultrasound findings with treatment modalities, and outcomes of patients with acalculous cholecystitis due to viral hepatitis A published in the literature (F: female; M: male; NA: not available; USG: ultrasonography).

Publication, author, and year, (Ref.)	Cases, 𝑛	Age, year/sex	Clinical presentation	USG	Treatment	Follow-up; time, months	Outcome
Black and Mann 1992 [2]	1	6/M	NA	Distended gallbladder	Surgery	NA	NA
Mourani et al. 1994 [9]	1	68/M	Fever, nausea, vomiting, and chills	Thickened gallbladder wall	Surgery	1	Cure
Ciftci et al. 2001 [10]	1	7/M	Abdominal pain, distention, icterus, and fatique	Subhepatic fluid and thickened gallbladder wall (14 mm)	Surgery	6	Cure
Ozaras et al. 2003 [11]	2	28/M	Malaise, abdominal pain, dark urine, and anorexia	Thickened gallbladder wall	Conservative therapy	3	Cure
		20/F	Jaundice, nausea,; vomiting, malaise, pruritus, and anorexia	Hepatosplenomegaly and a hydropic gallbladder without calculus	Conservative therapy	6	Cure
Dalgic et al. 2005 [12]	1	11/F	Fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite	Hydropic gallbladder without calculus, thickened gallbladder wall (12 mm), and pericholecystic fluid	Conservative therapy	6	Cure
Kayabas et al. 2007 [13]	1	15/M	Fever, nausea; and vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, and pale stool	Thickened gallbladder wall	Conservative therapy	1	Cure
Melero Ferrer et al.; 2008 [14]	1	39/F	Fever, abdominal pain, and jaundice	Thickened gallbladder wall (7.1 mm)	Surgery	1	Cure
de Souza et al. 2009 [8]	1	16/M	Abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and cephalalgia	Thickened gallbladder wall (7.0 mm)	Conservative therapy	NA	NA
Arroud et al. 2009 [15]	1	11/E	Fever, asthenia, vomiting, and abdominal pain	Thickened gallbladder wall (11 mm)	Conservative therapy	1	Cure
Suresh et al. 2009 [16]	1	2.5/F	Fever, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, and pale stool	Hepatosplenomegaly, hydropic gallbladder without calculus,; thickened gallbladder wall, and pericholecystic fluid	Conservative therapy	NA	NA
Arcana et al. 2011 [17]	1	14/M	Abdominal pain, nausea, fever, and jaundice	Hepatomegaly and thickened gallbladder wall (7.0 mm)	NA	NA	NA
Hasosah et al. 2011 [18]	1	13/F	Fever, vomiting, and jaundice	Thickened gallbladder wall	Conservative therapy	NA	Cure
Herek et al. 2011 [19]	1	9/M	Nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain	Gallbladder wall thickening (9.7 mm) and pericholecystic-free fluid	Conservative therapy	6	Cure
Prashanth et al. 2012 [20]	1	12/F	Abdominal pain and vomiting	Gallbladder wall edema and echogenic biliary sludge	Conservative therapy	6	Cure