First Case of Pleural Empyema Caused by Staphylococcus simulans: Review of the Literature

Table 2

Staphylococcal species	Common virulence factors	Clinical manifestations
S. aureus and S. simulans	Staphylococcal enterotoxins (se)	Gastrointestinal manifestations of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and enterocolitis.
	Tissue necrosis cytotoxin Panton–Valentine leukocidin (pvl)	Hospital-acquired pneumonia, infective endocarditis, and tissue necrosis
	Methicillin-resistance gene (mecA)	Major contributing factor for increase in new methicillin-resistant strains
	Exfoliative toxins (eta, etb)	Cutaneous manifestations of cellulitis
	Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst)	Septic shock and disseminated blood stream infections