Enterovirus-Rhinovirus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults: A Case Report and Short Literature Review

Table 1

Comparison of published cases of ER-RV-induced ARDS in adults.

Case references	Study types	Age (years)/sex	Symptom on presentation	Radiographic findings	Method for diagnosis	Treatment	Aerometric support	Outcome
Present case	Case report	89/M	Dyspnea for 4 days	Diffuse bilateral opacities	Multiplex PCR of nasopharyngeal swab and bronchial washing fluid	Ceftriaxone, levofloxacin ⟶ meropenem, linezolid, fluconazole, methylprednisolone 40 mg × 3	Endotracheal intubation/mechanic ventilation	Death
Ngu et al. [8]	Case report	59/F	Respiratory distress, dry cough for 1 week	Diffuse bilateral multifocal airspace opacities	Multiplex PCR of nasopharyngeal swab	Vancomycin, levofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, high-dose IV steroids	High-flow nasal cannula	Recovery
Cecchini et al. [9]	Case report	67/M	Fatigue, lightheadness ⟶ rapid increase in oxygen needs	Extensive bilateral ground-glass opacities	Multiplex PCR	Vancomycin, cefepime, dexamethasone 20 mg × 1	Endotracheal intubation/mechanic ventilation	Recovery
Soni et al. [13]	Case report	22/F	Respiratory distress, productive cough, wheezing for 1 week	Pulmonary vascular congestion, left lower lobe infiltrate	Multiplex PCR of nasopharyngeal swab	Azithromycin, ceftriaxone	Endotracheal intubation/mechanic ventilation	Recovery
Ayala et al. [14]	Case report	60/F	Fever, respiratory distress	Bilateral pulmonary ground-glass opacities	Multiplex PCR of nasopharyngeal swab	Vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam ⟶ meropenem	Endotracheal intubation/mechanic ventilation	Recovery
Hamid et al. [15]	Case report	70/F	Shortness of breath for 8 days	Multifocal bilateral atypical pneumonia	Multiplex PCR of nasopharyngeal swab	Empiric antibiotic treatment, methylprednisolone 40 mg × 2 ⟶ 1 g × 3, dapsone 100 mg × 1	Endotracheal intubation/mechanic ventilation	Death