Case Report

Gait Analysis before and after Gastrocnemius Fascia Lengthening for Spastic Equinus Foot Deformity in a 10-Year-Old Diplegic Child

Table 1

Gait parameters and descriptors.

Gait ParameterDescription

Spatio-temporal parameters

Velocity (m/s)mean velocity of progression, normalised to subject’s height
% stance (%gait cycle)% of gait cycle that begins with initial contact and ends at toe-off of the same limb
Step lengthlongitudinal distance from one foot strike to the next one, normalised to subject’s height
Step width (mm)medio-lateral distance between the two feet during double support

Kinematics (degrees)

Pelvic Tilt
Mean Pelvic Tiltmean value of motion at pelvic joint on the sagittal graph (Pelvic Tilt graph) during the gait cycle
ROM Pelvic Tiltthe range of motion at pelvic joint on the sagittal plane (Pelvic Tilt graph) during the gait cycle, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the plot
ROM Pelvic Obliquitythe range of motion at pelvic joint on the frontal plane (Pelvic Obliquity graph) during the gait cycle, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the plot
ROM Pelvic Rotationthe range of motion at pelvic joint on the transversal plane (Pelvic Rotation graph) during the gait cycle, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the plot
Hip Flex-Extension
ICvalue of Hip Flexion-Extension angle (hip position on sagittal plane) at initial contact, representing the position of hip joint at the beginning of gait cycle
Min in Stminimum of hip flexion (hip position on sagittal plane) in stance phase, representing the extension ability of hip during this phase of gait cycle
Mean Hip Rotationmean value of Hip Rotation angle (hip position on transversal plane) during all the gait cycle
Knee Flex-Extension
ICvalue of Knee Flexion-Extension angle (knee position on sagittal plane) at initial contact, representing the position of knee joint at the beginning of gait cycle
Min in Stminimum of knee flexion (knee position on sagittal plane) in midstance, representing the extension ability of knee during this phase of gait cycle
Max in Swmaximum of knee flexion (knee position on sagittal plane) in swing phase, representing the flexion ability of knee joint during this phase of gait cycle
Ankle Dorsi-Plantarflexion
ICvalue of the ankle joint angle (on sagittal plane) at the initial contact, representing the position of knee joint at the beginning of gait cycle
Max in Stmaximum of ankle dorsiflexion (on sagittal plane) during stance phase, representing the dorsiflexion ability of ankle joint during this phase of gait cycle
ROM in Stthe range of motion at ankle joint on the sagittal plane (Ankle Dorsi-plantarflexion graph) during stance phase, calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the plot during stance phase
Max in Swmaximum of ankle dorsiflexion (on sagittal plane) during swing phase, representing the dorsiflexion ability of ankle joint in this phase of gait cycle
Foot progression
Mean Foot Progressionmean value of Foot Progression (foot position on the transversal plane) during all the gait cycle

Kinetics

Ankle Dorsi-plantarflexion Momen t (N*m/Kg)
Max ADPM in Stthe maximum value of plantarflexion ankle moment during terminal stance (maximum value of positive ankle moment during terminal stance)
Ankle Power (W/Kg)
Max push-offthe maximum value of generated ankle power during terminal stance (maximum value of positive ankle power during terminal stance) representing the push-off ability of the foot during walking
Knee Flex-Extension Moment (N*m/Kg)
Max KFEM in Stthe maximum value of flexor knee moment during terminal stance (maximum value of positive knee moment during terminal stance)
Knee Power (W/Kg)
min in Stthe minimum value of absorbed knee power during terminal stance (maximum value of negative knee power during terminal stance)
Hip Flex-Extension Moment (N*m/Kg)
Max HFEM in Stthe maximum value of flexor hip moment during stance (maximum value of positive hip moment during stance)
Hip Power (W/Kg)
Max in Stthe maximum value of generated hip power during stance (maximum value of positive hip power during stance)